미국의 미사일 방어정책에 대한 중국의 인식과 대응전략
China's Recognitions and Reponses to the US MD System
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이 글은 미국의 MD 정책에 대한 중국의 기본 인식과 대응을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 중국은 미국이 일방적으로 추진하고 있는 NMD, TMD에 대한 반대입장을 견지해왔다. 우선 NMD는 전지구적 차원의 전략적 균형과 안정을 깨뜨릴 위험이 있고, TMD 역시 동아시아 지역 안정과 평화를 해칠 수 있는 시도로서 미국의 주도하에 일본의 군사 대국화와 대만의 독립화를 조장함으로써 중국의 국익에 치명적인 손실을 초래할 것으로 본다. 이런 인식을 바탕으로 한 대응방식은 대체로 3가지 방향으로 집약된다. 첫째, 새로운 안보환경과 중국의 국제적 지위에 걸맞는 '신안보 전략'을 세워 국방현대화와 다극화를 추진하는 것이고; 둘째, 한편으로 핵전력의 증강을 통해 대미 억지전략을 극대화시키는 강경대응방식과 다른 한편으로 안정적 미중관계를 근간으로 온건한 대응방식을 통해 경제적 실리주의를 추구병행 결합시키는 ‘이중적 모호전략’이 필요하고; 셋째, 미국의 군사적 일방주의를 제어하기 위해 중·러 간에 대미 反-MD 전선을 강화·발전시키는 것 등이다.
Abstract
This writing is to review China's fundamental recognition and response of the US Missile Defense System. China has had a strong opposition to the unilateral NMD and TMD system of the United States. The Chinese government understands that NMD has the possibility to break the strategic balance and stability around the world, and as an attempt to endanger the stability and peace of the East Asian region, the US-led TMD will help Japan become a strong military power and Taiwan become independent, which will bring great damage to its national security. China's responses to these recognitions would be summarized as the following three approaches. First, China should establish a new security environment and new security strategies corresponding to its international position to pursue the military modernization and multi-polarization. Second, it should work out dual ambiguity strategy: On one hand, it strongly confronts the United States by enforcing the nuclear power and constraining the expansion of the US military power. On the other hand, it pursues its economic interests through its moderate response based on a stable relationship with USA. Third, China, together with Russia, should intensify and develop anti-MD line against USA to hold the US unilateral military power in check.
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