인터넷 확산과 민주주의 관계: 사회경제적.지역적 요인별 비교연구
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본 연구는 인터넷 확산과 민주주의 발전 간에 어떠한 관계가 존재하는지, 그리고 이들의 관계가 사회경제적 요인과 지역적 특성에 따라 어떻게 상이하게 관찰되는지를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 인터넷 확산은 민주주의 발전과 정의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 경제자유화와 경제발전, 그리고 교육 수준이 높을수록 그 관계의 정도가 더욱 강해지는 것을 확인했다. 그러나 또 다른 분명한 결과는 양자의 관계가 단선적인 결정론적 관계는 아니라는 점이다. 경제자유화, 경제발전, 교육 등의 사회경제적 요인과 지리․역사․종교적 유산을 공유하는 지역별 특성에 따라 인터넷 확산과 민주주의 발전의 관계 경향 및 정도는 차별적으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 인터넷과 민주주의의 관계는, 글로벌한 수준에서는 ‘낙관적 결정론’의 가정에 부합되지만 사회경제적․지역적 요인을 통제했을 때는 ‘비판적 도구론’의 시각에 부합되는 차이를 보이고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between Internet diffusion and democratic development as well as to examine how the relationship differs according to socio-economic and regional background factors. This paper shows that Internet diffusion is significantly correlated with democratic development. Especially, this examination confirms that the relationship is positively associated with the level of economic freedom, economic development, and education. Nevertheless, it should be noticed that the relationship is not simply linear. The degree to which Internet diffusion correlates with the development of democracy differs according to socio-economic factors such as economic liberalization, economic development, and education as well as regional factors including historical and religious legacies. In sum, the relationship between the Internet and Democracy tends to be consistent with the assumption of ‘critical instrumentalism’ if socio-economic and regional variables are controlled, whereas it is likely to confirm the hypothesis of ‘optimistic determinism’ at the global level.
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