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민군(民軍)간의 '불평등 대화': 한국군의 헌팅턴 이론 극복과 국방기획에 대한 문민통제 강화

'Unequal Dialogue' Between Civilians and the Military: the Korean Military's Need to Overcome Huntington's Theory and Civilian Control Over the Defense Planning

김정섭
세종연구소 (The Sejong Institute)|2011.03|국가전략 (National Strategy)|제17권 제1호|pp. 93-126

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키워드

민군관계국방기획Civil-Military Relations문민통제국방비PPBSDefense Planning국방계획HuntingtonObjective Civilian Control
주제분류정치외교학

초록

군의 전문성과 효율성을 극대화하기 위해 군사 고유 영역과 자율성을 강조하는 헌팅턴의 '객관적 문민통제' 방식은 우리사회에서 민군(民軍)을 막론하고 정설처럼 받아들여지고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 이 같은 민군간의 경계 설정이 민주주의 이론과의 긴장, 민군영역의 중첩성 등의 개념적 문제가 있을 뿐 아니라, 전략과 예산간의 괴리를 초래하여 국방력의 약화를 가져올 수 있다는 점은 널리 인식되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 경직적인 민군 역할 분담론을 극복하고 중요 군사문제에 대한 문민의 건설적인 관여를 확보하기 위해서는 민군관계에 대한 새로운 인식과 제도적 기반이 요구된다고 판단된다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 민군간의 '불평등 대화(unequal dialogue)'를 바람직한 민군관계의 모델로 제안하면서, 특히 정책(policy)-전략(strategy)-예산(resource)의 일체화를 담보할 수 있는 국방기획시스템을 제시하고자 한다.

Abstract

Huntington’s ‘objective control’, which calls for maximizing professionalism and respecting the autonomy of military matters, seems to be widely accepted as an ideal form of civil-military relations in Korean society amongst both civilians and the military. However, it is not fully recognized that boundaries between civilians and the military set up by such an objective control approach could contain serious problems such as a tension with democratic principles and an overlap between civilian and military matters. In addition to such philosophical and conceptual problems, it could also create a gap between strategy and resources, which can lead to weakened defense capabilities. Therefore, a new understanding of civil-military relations and reforms of the defense planning system are required in order to overcome the idea of a sharp division between civilian and military roles and to guarantee constructive involvements of civilian leaders in key military matters. In this regard, this article proposes an ‘unequal dialogue’ as an alternative form of civil-military relations and suggests a new defense planning methodology that can accomplish a balance amongst policy, strategy, and resources.

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