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부시와 오바마: ＂핵 테러＂에 대한 두가지 접근

Bush vs. Obama: Two Approaches to Nuclear Terrorism

신성호
세종연구소 (The Sejong Institute)|2009.03|국가전략 (National Strategy)|제15권 제1호|pp. 5-32

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참고문헌

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오바마Obama부시자유의 확산미국 국가 안보 전략핵 테러핵 없는 세계US national security strategynuclear terrorism. Bushexpanding freedomnuclear free world
주제분류정치외교학

초록

미국은 9/11 이후 대량살상무기, 특히 핵무기를 이용한 테러행위를 국가안보의 가장 큰 위협으로 정의한다. 핵 테러의 심각성을 강조한 공통의 수사에도 불구하고 부시행정부의 지난 정책과 장차 들어설 오바마 행정부의 대응방안은 상당한 차이를 보인다. 부시는 핵 테러 방지의 중심을 테러의 근절에 두고 전 세계 “자유의 확산” 정책을 추구하였다. 부시 행정부의 이라크 침공은 테러의 온상으로 지목된 중동지역의 민주화를 위한 핵심전략으로 전개되었다. 한편 이라크 전쟁을 반대한 오바마는 핵 테러 방지의 중심을 핵의 제거에 두었고, 이는 “핵 없는 세계” 추구라는 과감한 구상으로 나타난다. 부시의 “자유의 확산”과 오바마의 “핵 없는 세계” 구상은 “공산주의 확산의 봉쇄”와 “핵 억제를 통한 평화”에 기반한 냉전시대 미국의 안보전략과 각기 극적인 결별을 나타낸다. 동시에 핵 테러에 대응하는 두 사람의 전략적 차이를 드러낸다.

Abstract

Since the 9/11 terror attack, nuclear terrorism has become one of the most serious national security threat to the United States. As such both George Bush and Barack Obama shares same interest in preventing nuclear terrorism on American soil. However, the two presidents has different approach to how to secure America against nuclear terrorism. Bush's strategy focused on terrorism and tried to eliminate the root cause of the radical terrorism in the Middle East. Under the banner of "expanding freedom", Bush launched an ambitious project of democracy building in the region with the Iraq war. Critical of Bush's Iraq War as unnecessary and unrealistic adventure, Obama focuses on the elimination of nuclear weapons and materials to prevent terrorists from using it for nuclear terrorism. During the campaign, he proposed a "nuclear free" world as a key doctrine to fight nuclear terrorism. Bush "expanding freedom" and Obama's "nuclear free" world represent a radical departure from US Cold War strategy based on "containment of Soviet expansionism" and peace by "nuclear deterrence." Yet, the two presidents's approach show very different strategy in dealing with nuclear terrorism in the 21st Century.

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