미국 오바마 행정부의 핵안보 정책과 국제사회 핵안보 공약의 결정요인
Obama Administration’s Nuclear Security Policy and Determinants of International Nuclear Security Commitment
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초록
본 논문은 미국 오바마 행정부가 제시한 미국의 핵질서에 대해 논의하며, 그 맥락에서 존재하는 미국의 핵안보 정책에 대해 분석한다. 부시행정부의 핵안보 정책은 테러리스트 집단 혹은 이들을 은거시키는 국가들에 대한 억지 및 강압 정책이었던 반면, 오바마 행정부의 경우 그 주안점을 핵물질 감소 및 제거에 두어 핵테러가 발생하게 만드는 핵물질 공급을 차단코자 했다. 더욱이 다자적 축소대외정책의 맥락에서 오바마 행정부가 취한 핵안보 정책은 국제사회 핵안보구조의 강화를 통한 핵물질 감소 및 제거였다. 실제로 국제사회의 핵안보 공약 역시 이러한 핵물질 보유와 이동빈도에 따라 변화하는 것으로 관측되어, 오바마 행정부의 핵안보 정책은 국제사회의 핵안보 정책 구축 동기와 접맥될 수 있는 환경을 만들었다고 분석되었다.
Abstract
This research discusses nuclear security policy during the Obama administration and how it factored into the overal nuclear posture of the United States. Contrary to the George W. Bush administration’s nuclear security policy underlining the strategy of eliminating actors carrying or approaching nuclear materials, Obama administration strives to establish ‘a nuclear free world’ by controlling the nuclear material itself, which is located at the supply side of the nuclear terrorism. Furthermore, in the midst of multilateral retrenchment moment, the Obama administration intended to strengthen the international nuclear security architecture to achieve that goal. Statistical analysis demonstrates that such approach of the Obama administration coincides with the international community’s motivation behind establishing nuclear security policy domestically, which pave the way to strengthen the international nuclear security architecture.
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