부시독트린의 의미와 한계
The Meaning and Limits of the Bush Doctrine
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냉전 전시기에 걸쳐 미국의 대외정책을 규정지은 트루먼독트린과 같이 9.11테러 직후 제시된 부시독트린은 탈냉전 이후 미국의 대외정책적 방향을 제시했을 뿐만 아니라 향후 국제정치질서의 형성과 전개과정에 중요한 영향을 미칠 것이다. 이 글은 부시독트린의 위협 인식과 주체에 대한 분석과 그 대응 방식을 분석할 것이다. 부시독트린은 선제공격전략, 일방주의적 사고, 미국의 패권적 힘의 우위라는 특징을 갖고 있다. 이 점에서 부시독트린은 방어적 성격을 갖고 있는 기존의 먼로독트린, 트루먼독트린, 닉슨독트린과 좋은 대조를 이룬다. 이 글은 부시독트린이 테러집단과 불량국가를 동일시하고 위협의 주체들과 정도를 구분하지 않는 데에서 오는 문제점을 지적할 것이다. 또한 이 글은 부시독트린이 선제공격의 시기와 조건들에 대해서 구체적인 원칙들을 전혀 제시하지 않고 있다는 점을 지적할 것이다. 나아가 이 글은 부시독트린이 각 국가들의 주관적 판단과 안보 인식에 기초한 선제공격의 보편화를 유도함으로써 세계평화에 부정적인 영향을 끼칠 수 있다는 점을 지적할 것이다.
Abstract
As the Truman doctrine provided a strategic roadmap for US foreign policy during the Cold War period, the Bush doctrine will play a pivotal role in formulating US foreign policy and have great impact of the development of a new world order after the 9.11 terror. This article seeks to analyze the threat perception, its agents, and the responses of the Bush doctrine. The doctrine is characterized by the preemptive strike strategy, unilateralism, and the pursuit and maintenance of US hegemonic power. The proactive nature of the Bush doctrine constitutes a sharp contrast to the Monroe, Truman, and Nixon doctrines which have a defensive nature. Critical analysis is made of the problems of the doctrine arising from the equation of terrorists and rogue states and the failure to differentiate the threat and its agents. This article argues that the doctrine does not provide no guidance on when to preempt and is silent on the circumstances that justify preemption. The doctrine will have a negative impact on world peace by developing the principles that states can use the preemptive strategy based upon their own security perception.
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