회색지대에서의 우세 달성: “경쟁전략”과 “캠페이닝”의 한국군 적용
ROK’s Strategic Advantage in Gray Zone : “Campaigning” in support of “Competitive Strategy”
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초록
본 연구는 평화와 무력분쟁의 중간 지대인 회색지대에서 우세를 점하기 위한 한국군의 전략을 수립하기 위해 미군의 “경쟁”과 “캠페이닝” 개념을 검토하고 이를 한국군에 적용할 방안을 모색한다. 미중경쟁의 격화, 북핵 고도화에 따른 남북한 군사력 균형의 변화, 우주, 사이버로의 경쟁공간 확대에 직면하여 한국은 회색지대에서의 위협, 위험, 취약성을 정확하게 평가하고 이에 대응할 필요가 있다. 미군의 경쟁전략과 캠페이닝은 전시에만 사용되는 것으로 간주되던 군사력을 평시부터 융통성 있게 활용함으로써 국가이익을 수호하는 적극적인 군사전략의 일환이다. 이를 적용하여, 한국은 경쟁 국면에서의 우세를 달성하기 위해 상대에 대한 강압, 비용부과를 통한 소진, 유리한 여건을 조성하는 것을 목표로 해야 할 것이다. 이러한 목표는 지능화된 다영역 복합체계로 구성된 군사력을 경쟁 국면에서 비선형, 비대칭, 비정합적으로 운용함으로써 달성할 수 있으며, 군사력을 외교, 정보, 경제력과 전략적으로 융합함으로써 국가 대전략을 실행하는데 기여할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study reviews the concepts of ‘competition’ and ‘campaigning’ in the U.S. military and seeks to apply it to the ROK military to establish a strategy for the Korean military to respond to gray zone tactics of neighboring countries. The development of Korea’s competitive strategy starts with a keen awareness of changes in the strategic environment on the Korean Peninsula. Faced with intensifying U.S.-China competition and changes in the military balance between the two Koreas due to North Korea’s nuclear weapons program, as well as the expansion of military domains including cyber and outer space, the ROK needs to accurately assess and respond to threats, risks, and vulnerabilities in competitive space. The so-called competitive strategy is part of the military strategy that protects national interests by flexibly utilizing military power, which was traditionally considered for wartime use. The competitive strategy aims to gain a strategic advantage in the gray zone or competitive space, including coercion against the opponent, exhaustion through cost imposition, and shaping favorable conditions. These goals are achieved through non-linear, asymmetric, and non-conforming campaigning of military forces comprising intelligent multi-domain complex systems in competitive spaces. Furthermore, it can contribute to the implementation of the national grand strategy by strategically aligning military power with diplomacy, intelligence, and economic power.
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