테러와의 전쟁과 무인항공기 공습 증가 요인 연구: 오바마 행정부의 파키스탄 사례를 중심으로
War on Terror and Drone Strikes: A Case of Obama Administration’s Strategy in Pakistan
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미국은 아프가니스탄 전쟁에서 무인항공기를 적극적으로 활용하였다. 이 연구는 무인항공기 공습 변화의 원인을 설명하기 위해 대테러전과 무인항공기의 특징을 바탕으로 두 개의 가설을 설정하였다. 첫째, “영토 통제가 불필요한 지역으로 CT의 전장이 이동하면 무인항공기 공습이 증가한다.” 둘째, “CT의 전술이 체포보다 사살을 선호하는 상황에서 무인항공기 공습이 증가한다.”이다. 미국의 아프가니스탄 전쟁은 CT의 장소가 아프가니스탄에서 영토 통제가 불필요한 파키스탄으로 이동하면서 2008년을 기점으로 무인항공기 공습이 증가하였고, 오바마 행정부 집권 후 관타나모 수용소 폐지 및 고문 금지 등의 행정명령으로 인해 테러용의자에 대한 체포보다 사살을 선호하게 되어 무인항공기의 활용이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 2021년 바이든 행정부의 아프가니스탄 철군 이후에도 미국의 테러와의 전쟁은 무인항공기 공습을 중심으로 계속될 수 있음을 보여준다.
Abstract
The United States has been utilizing drones in the Afghanistan War. This article formulates two hypotheses to explain the cause of changes in the number of drone strikes: First, “The number of drone strikes increases when the battlefield of CT(counter-terrorism) shifts to where do not need control.”, and second, "The number of drone strikes increases when killing is preferred more than arrest in CT." In the Afghanistan War, the battlefield of CT shifted from Afghanistan to Pakistan, and from 2008 the number of strikes began to increase. Moreover, in 2009, the Obama administration gave administrative orders closing Guantanamo and forbidding torture to terrorists, which made a surge in the number of strikes. The results of the article suggest that the Biden administration will also utilize drones in its Over the Horizon strategy.
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