기관 사칭형 보이스피싱 시나리오 분석:피해자의 심리적 요인을 중심으로

Abstract

Based on the assumptions and approaches of a previous study at Exeter University in 2009, this study analyzed the scripts used in institutional impersonation voice phishing, identifying what major psychological mechanisms appear in victims, and explaining the process by which such psychological mechanisms cause judgment errors. While the traditional voice phishing was a man-to-man customized structure in which criminal members and victims responded, the new voice phishing scenarios analyzed by this study were meticulously organized in the order of step 1(prosecutor investigator impersonation) → step 2(prosecutor impersonation) → step 3(Financial Supervisory Service impersonation). As a result of analyzing each step, it can be confirmed that fraudsters use 「Trust and Authority」 derived from the impersonation of investigative agencies, and through this, it can strengthen the 「Visceral influences」of ‘fear’. Also, by making persistent efforts to isolate the victim mentally and physically, it induces a 「Lack of self-control」. This increases the success rate of crime. In addition, various psychological mechanisms have been widely observed, but among them, the intensively used ones were the above three mechanisms, which are relatively consistent and onlystrengthened through steps. Therefore, institutional impersonation voice phishing isexpected to have a greater preventive effect when these research results are used to produce educational materials or develop policy models for the people who can fallvictims for other types of fraudulent crimes.