한국 언론의 제1차 영일동맹에 대한 상반된 인식과 대응

Abstract

The Anglo-Japanese Alliance signed in 1902 was not only an important event in world history because it marked the abandonment of isolationist diplomacy by Great Britain, the most powerful country in the world at that time, but also an important event in Korean history because it led to the Russo-Japanese War. In response to this important turning point in the international situation surrounding Korea, the Korean media developed its own interpretation and diplomatic theory of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Before the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, there were different perspectives and diplomatic theories on the perception of the international situation in the Korean media. The Cheguk Sinmun (Imperial Post) believed that international law governed the international community and advocated non-aligned diplomacy and trilateralism as diplomatic theories. The Hwangsŏng Sinmun (Capital Gazette), on the other hand, believed that the international community was in a state of weakness and advocated self-reliance and trilateralism as diplomatic theories. Despite these differences, there was a certain consensus within the Korean media, with the three-power theory as the common denominator. The Korean newspapers interpreted the Anglo-Japanese Alliance from their own point of view. The Cheguk Sinmun recognized that the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was an alliance for the benefit of Britain and Japan, and that to counter the Anglo-Japanese alliance Korea should become independent by developing its military and financial strength. The Hwangsŏng Sinmun , on the other hand, saw the Anglo-Japanese alliance as a measure of international public opinion and politics aimed at preserving and opening up China and Korea and supported by the United States. The difference in the media’s perception of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance led to differences in their perceptions of the international situation and foreign policy theories that developed after the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. The Hwangsŏng Sinmun saw two alliances, the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and its opponent, the Russo-French alliance, clashing in Korea and advocated a theory of self-reliance rather than a theory of trinationalism. On the other hand, the Cheguk Sinmun judged that the system of international law and the flow of international public opinion had been set after the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and argued that Korea should use international law diplomacy in favor of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance rather than non-alignment with Russia. In the rapidly changing international situation of the early 1900s, the Korean press tried to overcome the crisis of the times by exploring various alternatives to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.