돌봄을 통해 본 복지국가 유형화 연구: 돌봄의 제도와 문화를 중심으로
Comparing Child Care Regimes in Welfare States: Care Cultural-Institutional Approach
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본 연구는 기존의 복지국가 논의에서 다루어진 돌봄의 개념이 제한적이며, 무엇보다 돌봄이 사람들의 가치와 인식을 반영하는 문화적인 개념이라는 사실을 고려하지 못하였다는 것을 비판한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아동 돌봄의 비공식 측면과 문화적 측면의 중요성을 강조하며, 돌봄의 제도적-문화적 측면으로 유형화를 시도하였다. 유형화 결과 13개 국가들은 3개의 유형(사회적 돌봄 유형, 모성지원 돌봄 유형, 돌봄의 가족 책임 유형)으로 분류되었다. 세 가지 유형 분석을 통해 본 연구는 돌봄의 제도와 문화적 차이가 여성의 고용률에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 살펴보았다. 세 가지 유형을 통해 돌봄의 정책적 차이뿐 아니라 돌봄에 대한 인식의 차이도 살펴볼 수 있었다. 즉, 돌봄 정책과 돌봄 인식의 차이로 인해 복지국가의 돌봄 구조의 다양성과 여성고용형태의 다양성을 살펴 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 이는 현재 한국의 아동 돌봄 정책에 시사하는 정책적 의미를 갖는데 궁극적인 목표를 가지고 있다.
Abstract
Care is now a widely-used concept in welfare state research. But its use is also very selective. What this study points out as limits of existing studies consists roughly of two kinds. First, The family is still an important provider of care but many studies have only focused on formal care. Second, They have not been concerned enough about cultural aspect of care. This study compares and categorizes care strategies for children in 13 OECD countries whlie also taking into account the cultural dimension and intitutional dimension of care. 13 OECD countries can be classified into 3 clusters as a result of typology(social care type, motherhood supporting care type, and family responsible care type). This research was able to find two results. First, by including informal care and cultural dimension of care in the categorization framework, it expands the scope of discussion on care. Second, by considering cultural aspect of care, it has tried to examine and interpret various care types and their effects.
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