로마 공화정 중기 문학과 정치 : 리비우스 안드로니쿠스의 활동을 중심으로
Literature and Politics in the Middle of Republican Rome : Livius Andronicus’ Literary Activities and their Historical Significance
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리비우스 안드로니쿠스는 기원전 240년에 거행된 로마 축제(Ludi Romani)에서 로마 최초의 드라마 공연을 거행하였다. 그 축제는 로마인들이 제 1차 포에니 전쟁의 승리를 축하하고 서부 지중해 세계의 강자로 떠오른 로마의 국제적 위상을 선포하는 엄숙하고도 국가적으로 중요한 무대였다. 이 공연은 이후 라틴 문학의 발전에 중요한 선례가 되었으니, 라틴 문학이 국가적, 귀족적 성격을 강하게 띠게 되었던 것이다. 기원전 3세기 말 한니발 전쟁으로 인한 위기 속에서 리비우스는 또다시 국가적 차원의 중요한 문학적 임무를 완수하였다. 이에 대하여 로마 당국은 ‘작가 및 배우 조합’을 공인하고 그들에게 여러 특권을 부여하는 조치를 취하였다. 기원전 3세기 후반 리비우스 안드로니쿠스의 문학 경력과 그와 관련한 로마 당국의 여러 조치들은 외래문화에 개방적이면서도 자신들의 정체성을 지켜나갔던 로마인의 특성을 보여주는 것이다.
Abstract
Livius Andronicus is generally known to be one of the forerunners in latin literature. But about the details of his life and careers, there are many controversies. I contended in this paper that Livius studied literature and mastered the knowledges and skills about performing a drama in the city of Tarentum, and came into Rome when he was an adult. In the year of 240 B.C. he wrote and performed the first Roman drama in the ludi Romani acceding to the invitation of Roman government authorities. In the national festival, the Roman government celebrated the victory in the first Punic War and announced that Rome became the leading state in the western Mediterranean world, that indicates that at that time Livius’ literary fame was very high in Rome and that Roman government regarded literary activities as important politically. In 207 B.C. once again Roman government imposed him a literary task to write a hymn for the goddess Juno Regina in order to overcome the national crisis of Hannibal's war and he accomplished the task successfully. The government rewarded him by recognizing the guild of writers and actors officially, which must have been led by Livius, and giving them various privileges. But to enhance Livius’ fame and give the guild privileges should not have been the sole purpose of this measure. By the official recognition, the guild must have had public character and have been more and more placed under government control. Livius Andronicus’ literary activities and the measures and attitudes of Roman government to them show well the public and aristocratic character of early latin literature and they made an important precedent for the subsequent development of latin literature.
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