알렉산드리아 전쟁(Bellum Alexandrinum)의 배경에 관한 고찰 － 유럽중심주의 역사관을 넘어
A Study of the Background of the Alexandrian War－ Beyond the Eurocentric Viewpoint of History
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본고의 목적은, 고대 사료와 그리고 그것에 영향을 받은 현대 학자들에게 의식적·무의식적으로 형성되어 있는 유럽중심주의 역사관에 의해서 왜곡 또는 축소되었던, 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 성격과 의미를 재조명하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 필자는 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 배경과 원인을, 유럽중심주의 역사관에서 기인한 기존의 로마 중심적, 남성 중심적 설명이 철저하게 타자화함으로써 역사 연구에서 주변부로 밀려났던, 이집트의 관점에서 새롭게 논의한다. 알렉산드리아 전쟁은 소수의 궁정 관리들의 음모와 무지하고 폭력적인 이집트인의 단순한 도발이 아니다. 그것은 로마가 수 세기에 걸쳐 이집트에 가했던 정치적·경제적 침탈에 대한 이집트와 이집트인의 저항이었다. 또한 그것은 팜므 파탈인 클레오파트라의 유혹이 (조금 미화하여 카이사르와 클레오파트라의 세기적 사랑이) 일으킨 전쟁도 결코 아니다. 그것은 로마에만 의지하여 명목상의 왕국과 왕권만을 지키려 했던 여왕 클레오파트라에 대한 이집트인의 실망과 반발이었다. 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 원인과 배경을 새로운 관점에서 조망하는 작업은 로마의 제국주의가 특히 이집트에서 확산하는 과정을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 그동안 상대적으로 간과해 왔던 이집트의 정치적·경제적 상황을 이해하는 데도 도움을 줄 것이다. 아울러 이는 유럽중심주의 역사관이 이집트와 관련해서 계속 재생산해온 타자성을 극복함으로써, 이집트 왕국, 이집트인, 클레오파트라에 관해 균형 잡힌 시각을 갖는데 기여할 것이다.
Abstract
This article aims to shed new light on the character and meaning of the Alexandrian War. The significance of the war has been distorted and underestimated due to the eurocentric viewpoint of history that had been consciously and unconsciously formed in the ancient sources, and by the modern scholars influenced through the medium of these sources. For this, I will discuss the background and reasons for the Alexandrian War from the viewpoint of ancient Egypt, excluded by the Rome-centric and male-centric explanations which were based on the eurocentric viewpoint of history. The Alexandrian War was not the result of the conspiracy of a few court officials or a simple provocation by the ignorant and violent Egyptians. It was a national resistance against political and economic invasions which Rome had made against the Ptomemaic kingdom and the Egyptians. Also, the Alexandrian War was not caused by the love story between Cleopatra and Caesar or allurement by Femme Fatale Cleopatra. It was caused by widespread disappointment leading to revolt against Cleopatra who had relied on Rome to protect her own nominal kingdom and queenship. This study will help not only to understand the Roman imperialistic expansion into the Ptolemaic kingdom, but also to understand the political and economic situation of ancient Egypt which has been relatively overlooked. In addition, this will help scholars to have a balanced view on the Ptolemaic kingdom, the Egyptians, and Cleopatra, by overcoming the Otherness reproduced by the eurocentric viewpoint of history.
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