클레오파트라의 ‘로마 방문’에 관한 역사적 고찰
A Historical Survey of Cleopatra’s Visits to Rome
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본고에서 필자는 클레오파트라의 로마 방문에 관한 기존 설명들의 가장 중요한 논거인 ‘클레오파트라의 동상’과 ‘로마의 친구이자 동맹’이 남성 중심적 관점과 로마 중심적 관점이 만들어낸 허구이자 선입견임을 규명하고자 하였다. 아울러 필자는 ‘클레오파트라가 로마를 왜 방문했나?’라는 질문을 ‘카이사르가 왜 클레오파트라를 소환했나?’라는 질문으로 바꿔야 하며, 방문의 이유를 로마의 정치적 상황 및 국제 관계라는 맥락에서 탐색해야 한다고 제안했다. 카이사르가 클레오파트라를 처음에 소환했던 이유는 그녀가 로마의 불안한 국내외적 상황을 이용하지 못하도록 경고하는 정치적 메시지를 주려는 것일 수 있다. 또 그가 여왕을 재차 소환한 이유는 첫 번째와 같은 메시지를 전달하고 아울러 임박한 파르티아 전쟁에 필요한 경제적･군사적 지원을 요청하기 위해서일 것이다. 클레오파트라가 요부여서 또는 현명한 군주였기 때문에 로마를 방문한 것이 결코 아니다. 카이사르의 소환을 거부할 수 있는 상황이 아니었다고 보는 것이 역사적 사실에 더 가까운 것처럼 보인다.
Abstract
I have argued, in this paper, that the most important arguments in the existing explanations about Cleopatra's visits to Rome, namely ‘Cleopatra's statue’ in the temple of Venus Genetrix and ‘Rome's friend and ally’, are fictions and prejudices created by male-centered and Rome-centered perspectives. In addition, I have suggested that the question of why Cleopatra visited Rome should be changed to the question of why Caesar summoned Cleopatra, and that the reason for the visits should be explored in the context of Rome’s political situation and international relations. The reason Caesar first summoned Cleopatra may have been to deliver a political message warning her not to take advantage of Rome's unstable domestic and international situation. Also, the reason why he summoned the queen again would be to send the same message as the first visit and also to request economic and military support necessary for the impending Parthian War. Cleopatra never visited Rome because she was a seductress or a wise monarch. That there was no situation in which Caesar's summons could be rejected seems to be closer to historical fact.
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