소비자의 환경관심과 환경마크 제품 구매의도
Effects of Consumer’s environmental Concern on Eco-Mark Product Purchasing Intention
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초록
세계 여러 선진국들은 경제의 새로운 패러다임으로서 녹색정책을 추구하고 있다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 각국에서는 생산자들로 하여금 제품의 환경적 측면을 개선시키고 소비자에게는 친환경 제품구매를 권장하기 위하여 환경마크제도의 도입을 적극 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소비자들이 구매과정에서 환경마크를 어떻게 지각하고 있으며, 지각된 환경마크는 외재적 단서로서 제품평가(환경비용지불의지와 환경마크 제품 구매의도)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 환경마크에 대한 소비자의 지각을 중요성과 신뢰성의 두 차원으로 분류하여 각 차원에 영향을 미치는 소비자 관련 변인도 함께 살펴보았다. 이 연구를 위하여 수도권에 위치한 소비자를 연구대상으로 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하여 연구결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생태중심 환경관심은 환경마크에 대한 중요성 지각에 유의한 영향을 미치는 반면, 자기중심 환경관심은 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 환경마크의 친숙성은 환경마크에 대한 신뢰성 지각에 유의한 영향을 미치는 반면 환경마크의 이용가능성은 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 환경마크에 대한 소비자 지각(중요성, 신뢰성)은 모두 환경비용지불의지와 환경마크 제품 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 소비자 관련 변인은 환경마크에 대한 소비자의 지각(중요성, 신뢰성)에 영향을 미치며, 환경마크에 대한 소비자의 지각(중요성, 신뢰성)은 다시 환경비용지불의지 및 환경마크가 부착된 제품 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉 환경마크는 제품의 환경정보를 전달하는 수단으로서 소비자들의 제품평가에 중요한 외재적 단서로 사용될 수 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 친환경 제품 마케팅전략을 수립하는 기업에게 환경마크가 하나의 귀중한 자료가 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
Many advanced countries around the world pursue the green policy as a new paradigm of economies. As part of such an effort the government and the environmental organizations are actively enforcing Eco-mark’s introduction to encourage consumers to buy environmental products more and to enforce encourage manufacturers to improve product’s environmental aspects. Also in environmental labelling (Type III) which is prescribed in ISO14020 series, it became compulsory to indicate the products’ whole process of inventory information. In this movement, the company's main task is how they quantify the stewardship of the environment. There is an increasing awareness that the natural environment is being harmed by human actions. Polling data suggest that high percentages of people around the world believe that environmental problems are among the most important social problems of the day. Other recent findings have differentiated between environmental attitudes based on concern for self (egoistic) and concern for plants and animals (biospheric). In recent years, as consumers have been particularly concerned about the purchase of environment-friendly products, the confusion issue with regard to eco-labelling began to emerge. Eco-labelling systems having too many ambiguous and similar eco-labels are blamed for creating confusions among the consumers and undermine the credibility of the eco-labelling systems. This study attempts to examine how consumers perceive the Eco-mark in their purchase situation, and how their perception influence their product evaluation. In this study, we classified the consumer’s perception of Eco-mark into two dimensions and examined the effect of consumer related factors on each dimension. We administerd a survey with consumer attending a located in the metropolitan area. The research used a survey questionnaire to validate the proposed research hypotheses and the questionnaire is structured in a self-report way to investigate the perceptions of the respondents. The data for the research were collected from consumers. 200 copies of the questionnaires were returned by respondents. The hypotheses proposed in the research were analyzed by using Path Analysis with SPSS 21.0 and Amos 18.0 program. Structural equation modeling was used to explicitly model sources of error in the dataset, thereby providing more accurate estimates of the true relationships between the variables of interest. The results of this study are as follows. First, biospheric environmental concerns had a positive effect on the perceived importance of Eco-mark, while egoistic environmental concerns had no effect. Second, the familarity of Eco-mark had a positive effect on the perceived credibility of Eco-mark. the availability of Eco-mark had no effect. And finally, two dimensions of consumer’s perception of Eco-mark had significant effects on the willingness-to-pay a premium for environmentally products and the Eco-mark product purchasing intention. That is, consumers seem to use Eco-mark as an important extrinsic cue in addition to environmental information when they evaluate the products. This study examines the necessity and applications of Eco-mark, and the results of this empirical study suggest some important implications for the marketer of companies.
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