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조직공정성 지각이 심리적 계약위반, 조직몰입 및 일탈행동에 미치는 영향 : LMX 및 CWX의 조절효과 검증

The Effects of Perceptions of Organizational Justices on Psychological Contract Breach, Organizational Commitment and Deviant Behaviors : Moderating Effects of LMX and CWX

양동민|심덕섭
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2020.12|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제27권 제6호|pp. 23-53

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조직공정성조직몰입Organizational commitmentLMX일탈행동심리적 계약위반Organizational justiceDeviant behaviorPsychological contract breachCWX
주제분류경영학

초록

연구는 조직공정성 지각이 심리적 계약위반, 조직몰입, 일탈행동에 미치는 직접효과와 함께 이들 간의 관계에서 심리적 계약위반의 매개효과 및 LMX(Leader-Member Exchange)와 CWX(Coworker Exchange)의 조절효과를검증하고자 하였다. 가설 검증을 위해 국내기업 276명의 종업원들의 설문조사 자료를 이용하였다. 실증연구 결과얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직공정성 지각은 심리적 계약위반에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 분배공정성과 절차공정성 모두는 개별적으로 심리적 계약위반에 부(-)의 영향을 주고 있으며, 추가설명력을 고려할 때 절차공정성이 분배공정성보다 심리적 계약위반에 더 영향을 주는 변수로 나타났다, 둘째, 심리적 계약위반은 조직몰입에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있으며, 조직지향 일탈행동과 개인지향 일탈행동에는 정(+)의영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 심리적 계약위반은 분배공정성과 조직몰입 및 조직지향 일탈행동 간의관계를 부분 매개하고, 분배공정성과 개인지향 일탈행동 간의 관계는 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 심리적 계약위반은 절차공정성과 조직지향 일탈행동 간 관계를 완전 매개하고, 절차공정성과 개인지향 일탈행동 간의관계를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, LMX는 심리적 계약위반이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을조절하는 것으로 나타났고, CWX는 심리적 계약위반과 조직몰입, 조직대상 및 개인지향 일탈행동 간의 관계에있어 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 근거로 연구의 시사점과 추후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Recently most companies are faced with an intense business environment. Under this situation, many companies are conducting various restructuring. These kind of restructuring can influence employees’ perceptions of organizational justices and cause their performance negatively. Although the high interests about organizational justices, many previous researches have limitations. For extenstion of the model related to organizational justice, it is necessary to consider moderating and mediating variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of perception of organizational justice on psychological contract breach, organizational commitment and deviant behaviors. Also, we attempt to verify the mediating effect of psychological contract breach on the relationships between perception of organizational justice and organizational commitment, and between perception of organizational justice and deviant behaviors. Additionally, this study focuses on LMX and CWX as a possible moderator in the relationships between psychological contract breach and organizational commitment, and between psychological contract breach and deviant behaviors. Based on prior literature, this study derives following hypotheses. H 1: Distributive justice will be negatively related to psychological contract breach. H 2: Procedural justice will be negatively related to psychological contract breach. H 3: Psychological contract breach will be negatively related to organizational commitment. H 4: Psychological contract breach will be positively related to deviant behavior. H 5: LMX will moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and commitment. H 6: LMX will moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and deviant behavior. H 7: CWX will moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and commitment. H 8: CWX will moderate the relationship between psychological contract breach and deviant behavior. H 9: Psychological contract breach will mediate the relationship between distributive justice and organizational commitment. H 10: Psychological contract breach will mediate he relationship between distributive justice and deviant behavior. H 11: Psychological contract breach will mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational commitment. H 12: Psychological contract breach will mediate he relationship between procedural justice and deviant behavior. To test the proposed hypotheses in our study, we collected data via a survey with a sample of 295 employees in 12 organizations, and after excluding unanswered items questionnaires, total of 276 employees data is used for analysis. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the H1, H2, H3 and H4. Hierarchical regression is used to test the significance of the moderating effects of LMX and CWX(H5, H6, H7, and H8). Bootstrapping regression analysis is used to test the significance of the mediating effects of Psychological contract breach(H9, H10, H11 and H12). The major findings are as follows: 1) both distributive and procedural justice were negatively associated with psychological contract breach. 2) psychological contract breach is positively related to organizational commitment and is negatively related to organizational and interpersonal deviant behaviors. 3) psychological contract breach partially mediated the relationship between distributive justice and a) organizational commitment and b) organizational deviant behaviors, and fully mediated the relationship between distributive justice and interpersonal deviant behaviors. Also, psychological contract breach has turned out to have a partial mediation effect on the relationship between procedural justice and interpersonal deviant behaviors, and has turned out to have full mediation effects on the relationship between procedural justice and organizational deviant behaviors, but contrary to hypothesis, does not mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational commitment. 4) the relationships between psychological contract breach and organizational commitment was moderated by LMX, such that the relationship was stronger for employees with low LMX. And CWX moderated the relationships between psychological contract breach and a) organizational commitment and b) organizational and interpersonal deviant behaviors, implying that CWX acted as a buffer mitigating the negative reactions to psychological contract breach. Based on these findings, implications of the research findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.

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