연구개발조직의 인력 다양성과 기업 성과와의 관계
Organizational Diversity of R&D Unit and Firm Performance
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초록
본 연구는 기업의 R&D조직을 구성하는 인력들의 다양한 특질이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 인력 다양성은 성별, 연령으로 대변되는 사회범주 다양성과 전공, 학력수준과 같은 업무와 관련한 다양성을 분석에 활용하였다. 실증분석에서는 기업의 성과변수로서 매출액, 매출액 증가율, ROA를 사용하였고, 전체 샘플을 대상으로 다양성과 기업성과와의 관계를 검증한 이후 해당 기업의 기술 집약 수준에 따라 집단을 나누어 추가적인분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 전체 샘플에서 성별 다양성은 기업 매출액에 정(+)의 영향을, 연령 다양성은부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전공다양성은 ROA에서, 교육 수준의 다양성은 매출액 증가율에서 각각 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 실시한 분석에서는 첨단산업군에서 연령과 전공다양성의 가설이 검증되었고, 중-고 기술산업 군에서도 성별, 연령, 교육수준 다양성이 유의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 이외 매출액 증가율에 대해서는 중- 저 기술산업군 및 저 기술산업군에서 각각 교육수준 다양성과 전공 다양성이 유의미한 영향을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존의 다양성 연구들이 최고경영층(Top-management level)이나, 팀 수준에서연구되어온것과 달리 기술혁신의 본질적 주체인 R&D조직을 대상으로 하였다는 점에서 차별적이며, 검증 결과를 통해 R&D조직에서의 다양성 관리와 기업 성과 간의 관계가 더욱확장 될 수 있는 시사점을 제공하였다. 특히, 문제해결관점에서 R&D조직의 인력 다양성이가진 중요성과 활용이 전략적 측면에서 매우 중요함을 강조하였다.
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate relationship between organizational diversity in R&D organization and performance of firms. For testing hypothese, we use social categorial diversity such as gender and age and task-related diversity such as major and level of education of employees in R&D organization. The performance of firms are sales amount, growth of sales, ROA as proxies. And to examine our hypotheses in more details, we divide the sample according to the OECD level of technological sophistication after testing with full sample. Results show that gender diversity significantly had a positive effect on sales of firms. Also age diversity had a negatively effect. Major diversity had a positive effect on ROA and level of education diversity did on growth of sales. In split sample analysis, age and major diversity have been confirmed in high-technology industry. In medium-high technology industry, hypothese about gender, age, and level of education diversity confirmed. Our findings indicate that a higher level of gender, major and level of education in R&D employees will give a firm more capability to create added value, affecting firm performance in the end.
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