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중국기업의 회계보수주의와 이익조정 간의 관계

Accounting Conservatism and Earnings Management in China Companies

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주제분류경영학

초록

회계 보수주의의 대표적 속성인 ‘신중성’은 재무보고의 ‘중립성’을 해치고, 공정가치 측정을 확대한 K-IFRS와도 상충된다는 근거 하에 2010년 IASB의 재무보고의 개념체계의 질적 속성에서 배제되었다가 2018년 회계 보수주의의 존재와 역할에 대한 수많은 논란으로 재도입 되었다. 보수주의는 이익이나 자산을 부풀리기 위한 기업의 의도적인 회계처리를 억제시킴으로써 정보이용자와 대리인 간의 정보비대칭을 완화하여 기업의 가치를 높이려는 수단으로 사용되고 있다. 반면 이익조정은 정보비대칭을 바탕으로 경영자가 이익을 추구하는 방법으로 최근 회계투명성의 요구로 보수주의와 이익조정 간 연구가 진행되고 있으나 결과는 혼재되어 있다. 본 연구는2007년부터 2017년까지 중국 상하이증권거래소 상장기업을 대상으로 회계 보수주의와 이익조정 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 불확실한 상황에서 경제적 손실을 이득보다 더 적시성 있게 인식하는 조건부 보수주의를 선택한 기업은 발생액 이익조정을 적게 시행하고 있는 반면 회계관습의 하나인 비조건 보수주의를 선택한 기업은 발생액 이익조정과 양(+)의 관계를 보임으로써 경영자의 기회주의적 행위를 제한하지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 보수주의와 실제활동 이익조정 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과 조건부 보수주의를 선택한 기업은 실제활동 이익조정 행위 또한 적게 시행함으로써 정보비대칭하에서 기업가치를 높이고자 노력함을 확인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between accounting conservatism and earnings management. Accounting conservatism is a device to reduce the asymmetry of information by suppressing managers’ discretion, thereby increasing the value of the company. Earnings management is a way for managers to pursue their self-interests using information asymmetry. In some previous studies, conservatism and earnings management is used as a concept that can be replaced with each other. In addition, despite extant research between conservatism and earnings management, conservatism has a mixed view on whether to increase or reduce earnings management. The purpose of this study is to examine (1) the relationship between conditional conservatism and accruals based earnings management and (2) the relationships between unconditional conservatism and accruals based earnings management. The empirical analysis of this study is conducted for the period 2007-2017 and the data are collected from CSMAR file. The final sample of this study is 1,071 companies and 8,774 firm-year observations. The descriptive statistics and correlations of the main variables are analyzed with the selected sample, and multivariate regression analyses are performed. These empirical analyses show the following results. First, conditional conservatism has a negative effect on accruals based earnings management. In other words the stronger the firm's conservatism, the more likely it will not manage its earnings. Second, unconditional conservatism has a positive effect on accruals based earnings management. It can be interpreted that the stronger the unconditional conservatism of the company, the more likely it will manage earnings using accounting accruals.

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