성현들의 시간·공간·장소표현의 의미에 관한 연구

Abstract

This research is on the meaning of ancient sages' time, space, and place. Meditation on time, space, place of ancient sages and their values are worthy of exploration. Everything we see in the world is space. Nature circulates to achieve a good morality and the world makes a progression. If time and space make a change, human role is changed. Confucius emphasized the moderation of time in his book, Analects of Confucius. He said “Everyone should absorb himself in studies to save time and practice is more important than words”. Lao-tzu said, "If the cup is filled with water, it can't hold more water." The action of filling a cup should be called ‘able’, and the action of making a empty space should be called ‘doing nothing’ in Tao Te Ching. Zhu Xi said, "Change of heaven and earth is the foundation of natural order." in Zhong Yong commentary book. Chuangtzu's said, "If morality is consolidated into one, it implies freedom in change". In a word, variety and change are the core of Chuangtzu's philosophy. T'oegye explained that cosmic phenomenon is the correlative relationship of metaphysical reason and physical vigor. He succeeded to Zhu Xi philosophy. He said the reason is fundamental law moving the vigor. He said that both reason and vigor can change everything. Yulgok more emphasized the vigor. Meanwhile, Yulgok lived with many poor relatives. Due to financial difficulties, he managed a blacksmith's workshop for 5 years. He had no free time and space. He said that learning is essential part of life, and it is not in a book but in a living. Chung yak yong thought vigor is self-reliant being. He coped with old age and physical pain by thinking comfortably. He made good use of the space of exiled life. He plucked an arrowroot or weaved a net coping with real poverty. He taught not a few disciples and read many books. By doing it, he filled empty space of exiled life bonding with local residents. The time and space in oriental philosophy is considered to achieve a good morality. On the other hand, in western philosophy, time and space has been regarded as a type of a category. Kant explained time and space is as congenital principle of object recognition. Heidegger, from a developmental position by existential experience, Hartmann approaches developmental point of view by reflection of consciousness. In this research, I'd research the meaning and values of time and space. In eastern and western philosophy, the variety and change sphere are unsatisfied. I studies on this part deeply and in this research, I considered these parts of time and space.