近世・近代における中国語の「〜哥・〜姐」の受容と展開

Abstract

This paper deals with Chinese notation on the person or name that appears in the literature of the Meiji period in Japan with respect to “~ 哥･~ 姐”, focucing on the current notation of “兄・姉”. In China, there are various examples of "哥哥･大哥･小 哥･阿哥･姐姐･大姐･小姐･阿姐" and their usages vary. These were not Chinese written words, but have been spoken words since the Chinese Tang. Theses words had few characters of written languages, and thus have been not registered in old Japanese-chinese dictionary. 　In Japan, due to the boom in China after the metallurgy 江 戸, the acceptance of Chinese secular literature and learning of Chinese was popular. However, because Chinese literatures and paintings contained so many difficult words, pervasive Japanese-chinese dictionary registered “~ 哥･~ 姐” very frequently. Even in the era of 明治, there remained the trace of Chinese studies, and prevailed in the popular section. More or less, its impact worked in the Chinese usages from the works of 明治 times. There appeared the various expressions such as 「哥・哥哥・大哥・小哥・兄哥・哥兄・阿哥・姐・姐様・姐姐・大姐・小姐・少姐・阿姐・尊姐・貴姐」 Most of them was used as Japanese renderings of Chinese letters. Also, by default, the original meaning of the Chinese usage were reduced or used as notations for the Japanese meanings.