天符經의 정신철학을 계승한 老子의 道와 철학의 체계적 이해

Abstract

Laotzu is a man of 500BC who established Daoism. Laotzu or Book of Daoism is the book of containing the core of his philosophy. It consists with two parts; the script of Dao as the first part and the script of morality as the second part. These make the title of the book, the Book of Daoism, the book of Dao and Morality. Laotzu lived in the Warring States Period when Zhou dynasty suffered. This book appeared in the later part of this period. During this period, many thinkers appeared compared to any other period. Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius represented the northern thought of Yellow River area while Daoism of Laotzu and Zhuang Zhou represented character of nature in the Yangtze River area. In fact, Those two major schools of Chinese thoughts are not just reflect the climate ana natural differences, but differentiated the wide areas of thoughts, literature, culture, art and so on. While Confucianism reflects practicality, Daoism is natural and supernatural in it character. Laotzu developed thought of nothing and nature after realizing the limitation of the human reason as the fundamental principle. He also believed that the emperor-centered social structure and moral system of the haves could not secure and satisfy the people. Therefore, he emphasized the values of nature and Dao-morality. The value of Dao-morality existed before, but his value is more comprehensive and in-depth. That is, his grand value of thought of morality contains 'heaven-earth-human' and all thing in the universe. Confucianism also was influenced from the thought of Daoism and as a result it developed into a higher level. Everyone realize the morality in everyday life, then they can be the true human beings. When rulers realize this value and make it as a political value, the country will be peaceful. At the same time when educators executed this value, true education promise the brighter future. When common people share this value, society will be pure and safe among neighbors. This is the solution to resolve the conflicts from symptoms of industrialized society and isolated human being from the scientific and materialized world as well as the deepening conflicts from the multi-religious and multi-cultural era. Furthermore, today is a era of no education without any thoughts and that of losing love of people. There is no sense of collective nature of people by threatening people and peace with nuclear weapon. Today's education focuses on the entering of the best universities that spread the selfishness and unfair competitions. Kids are become so violent and barbaric that they are not just neglect education but the legal system. For worse, social education totally lost the value of filial piety and personality education those emphasized by the Seowon and Seodang of Joseon. It only focuses on the teaching on the technical skills. In fact, Korea's education is a arena of testing Western education even though Korea is the birth place of morality. When the comtemporary society becomes more confused and violent, Laotzu's Daoism of Asia is the great value to seek an ego to overcome the crisis. Dao(道) is the core of Laotzu's thought and it was fundamentally inheriting the thought reflected in Cheonbugyeong. The aim of this study is to seek a true nature of human beings by researching philosophical structure of the Book of Daoism.