인간주의적 가치관에 대한 노자의 비판

Abstract

In ancient China, after the period of nature worship and primitive religious ideas, humanistic ideas began to be widely popular in the Western Zhou period. In the Zhou and Spring and Autumn periods, the formation of schools of thought was not yet clear, so it remained a comprehensive and inclusive system of thought, and only in the Warring States period did the character of schools of thought become clear. While the majority of the disciples of the Spring and Autumn Warring States period had humanistic tendencies, some thinkers, such as Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, had naturalistic views. In this paper, I discuss Lao Tzu's criticism of humanistic values from a naturalistic perspective. A representative school of humanistic values is Confucius. The Confucians tried to correct the chaotic world of the time by using ethics, such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom (仁義禮智). Legalists used strict laws to elevate the status of monarchs and keep the country strong. However, Lao Tzu also criticized the common sense values of ordinary people, such as beauty and ugliness (美醜) and virtue and vice (善惡). Lao Tzu criticized the idea of using these humanitarian norms to correct the order of the world because he believed they would have more negative effects. Lao Tzu criticized the artificiality of humanism from the moral perspective of the Heavenly Tao and proposed his naturalistic method of non-action. From a humanistic perspective, Lao Tzu's naturalistic method is criticized as passive and idealistic. However, Lao Tzu argued for a shift in thinking by using the failures of humanistic methods as a counter-teacher. Lao Tzu's naturalistic view is that in a chaotic world, we should not actively try to solve problems, but should put aside all desires to solve problems at the root. From the perspective of the Analyst, a compromise between the two is a reasonable approach.