사이고쿠 순례 관음상 유래설화의 신목(神木)과 신불습합 신앙―『西国三十三所觀音靈場記圖會』의 관음설화를 사례로 하여―
The sacred tree in the origin story of the Saigoku Pilgrimage Kannon Statue and Shinto-Buddhist fusion worshop
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초록
本稿は、厚誉春鶯の『西国三十三所觀音靈場記圖會』に収録された神木で造られた観音仏像にまつわる霊験譚に焦点を合わせ、主に神仏習合という観点から、次の二つの点をあきらかにしようと試みた。まず海岸沿いに流れ着いた材木を神木とみなし、その神木で観音仏像を造ったというタイプの物語について分析した。このタイプの物語は、日本の伝統的な民俗信仰の中でも、いわゆる恵比寿信仰と関連性がある可能性を提示した。また観音仏像が造られる過程で、仏教とは異質的な民俗宗教の神が様々な啓示を下すタイプの物語について分析した。このタイプの物語には「神」と「仏」の力学関係において、「仏」のほうが優っているという、神仏習合の隠された側面が反映された結果であると解釈した。
Abstract
This paper analyzes the tales related to the statue of Kannon made from sacred trees recorded in the “Saigokusanjuusanshokannonreijoukizue” from the perspective of the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, it is a tale in which timber that has washed up on the coast is regarded as a sacred tree, and the statue of Kannon is made from that sacred tree. This type of faith is similar to the Ebisu belief among traditional folk beliefs and suggests the possibility of a connection with the Ebisu belief. Second, it is a tale in which the god of a folk belief, different from Buddhism, plays a supporting role in giving revelations during the process of making the statue of Kannon. This type of tale is interpreted as reflecting a hidden aspect of the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, namely, the dynamic relationship between Shinto and Buddhism.