1950-1960년 콩고민주공화국 바콩고동맹(ABAKO)의 정체성 변화에 대한 고찰
A Study of the Change of ABAKO Identity from 1950 to 1960
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콩고민주공화국의 바콩고동맹(Alliance des Bakongo: ABAKO)은 바콩고(Bakongo) 민족집단이 중심이 되어 만든 조직으로 그들의 언어와 문화 그리고 전통을지키기 위한 문화조직으로 출발하였으나 정치조직으로 발전하였고 벨기에로부터 독립 운동을 주도하였다. 1950년에 은제자-은란두(M.Edmond. Nzeza-Nlandu)는 벨기에령 콩고의 수도인 레오폴드빌(현재의 킨샤사)에 ABAKO를 설립했다. ABAKO의 활동은 은제자-은란두가 물러나고 조셉 카사부부가 ABAKO의 수장으로 선출된 1954년 3월 21일부터 정치조직으로 바뀌었다. 바콩고 민족주의는 과거의 콩고 왕국(Kongo Kingdom)과 바콩고인 사이의 연결고리가 그들의 문화적 정체성, 권력에 대한 태도, 정치적 지향성, 집단 동원에 대한 기반 제공, 그리고 지리적 경계에 대한 공통적 기반에 영향을 주었다. 또한 시몬 킴방구(Simon Kimbangu)가 일으킨 킴방구교회(Kimbangu Church)는 ABAKO와 긴밀한 관계를맺고 있었고 식민지배에 대한 투쟁을 함께 했다. 결론적으로 ABAKO 지도자와 구성원들은 바콩고 민족집단의 역사적, 언어적 동질성을 중요한 정체성으로 생각하고 있었다.
Abstract
ABAKO(Alliance des Bakongo) of Democratic Republic of Congo is an organization founded by an ethnic group who sought to preserve its language, culture and tradition. It later developed into a political organization and led an independence movement from Belgium. In 1950, Edmond Nzeza-Nlandu founded the ABAKO in Leopoldville (currently known as Kinshasa), the capital of Belgian Congo. ABAKO changed into a political organization, however, when Nzeza-Nlandu stepped down from his position and Joseph Kasa-Vubu was elected instead as the chief of ABAKO in March 21, 1954. The Bakongo nationalism, as a link between the Kongo Kingdom of the past and the Bakongo people of the present, had influence on their cultural identity, attitude towards authority, political orientation, a common ground for geographical boundaries, and provided foundation for group mobilization. Moreover, the Kimbangu Church, founded by Simon Kimbangu had close ties with ABAKO. They struggled to obtain independece from the Belgian colonial rule. In conclusion, the leaders and members of ABAKO regarded the ‘ethnic, linguistic and historical’ affinities as the identity of their Bakongo nationalist group.
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