에드윈 스미스(1876-1957)의 아프리카 종교연구의 특징과 한계
Edwin W. Smith's Study of African Religions: Characteristics and Limitations
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본 논문은 ‘영국 종교현상학파의 조상’으로 여겨지는 에드윈 스미스(Edwin W. Smith)의 삶과 사상의 특징을 살펴볼 것이다. 영국현상학파에는 스미스를 시작으로 지오프레이 파린더(E. Geoffrey Parrinder, 1910-2005), 앤드류 월스(Andrew Walls, 1928-), 니니안 스마트(Ninian Smart, 1927-2001) 등이 포함된다. 20세기를 주름 잡았던 종교학자들 가운데 아프리카의 영국식민지에서 군복무나 선교를 했던 인물들의 활동이 두드러졌다. 영국학자은 아프리카와 인도 등 대영제국의 식민지들에서 국교였던 성공회와 장로교와는 다른 이질적인 종교들에 대한 학문적 관심을 보였다. 에드윈 스미스는 당시 서구선교사들과는 달리, 존중과 이해의 모델을 제시함으로써 서양인의 편견과 부정의를 극복하려고 하였다. 아프리카종교연구에서 그의 긍정적 기여와 더불어, 현상학자와 선교사로서의 그가 지녔던 복합적인 정체성의 가능성도 고려되어야 할 것이다. 스미스는 아프리카종교를 “미신”으로 간주하지 않았고 오히려 그 안에 “본질적인 진리들”이 담겨있다고 보았다.
Abstract
This article deals with the characteristics and limitations of Edwin W. Smith's study of African religions. He was born as son of British Primitive Methodist missionary in South Africa, 1876. He was trained to become a Bible translator. After marriage he moved to Africa with his wife and translated the Bible into the Ila language. Most Western missionaries despised African cultures and religions, but Smith proposed a new way to study African cultures and religions on the anthropological basis of respect and understanding. Though he kept the mission mind to convert Africans to Christians and supported the fulfillment theology, he accepted the values and significance of African religions. With scientific and object approaches, Smith regarded Africans as rational and philosophical human beings. He rejected the traditional concept of mission that Western form of Christianity should be forced upon the mind and heart of Africans. Rather Smith encouraged Africans to build up their own churches and theologies with creative and dynamic worldviews including magic, Dynamism, Spiritism, ancestor worship and the faith to the Supreme Being. In conclusion, despite his limitations as missionary, Smith has been remembered as 'the founder of African Studies' and 'the ancestor of British phenomenological school.' His missionary experience became the solid foundation for becoming scholar of African religions.
참고문헌 (22)
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