북서(北西)아프리카의 이슬람 확산과 마라부트에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept and role of Marabout, represented by Sufi clerics in northwest Africa, based on the spread of Islam to Africa. Islam first became known in Africa when Muhammad and some of his followers migrated to Abyssinia to escape the oppression of polytheistic mecca nobles before Hizra. In the 400 years after the death of the prophet Muhammad, Islam became the dominant faith throughout North Africa and laid the foundation for the spread of Islam to East and West Africa. In North Africa, Islam spread through conquest activities. After the creation of the Fatima, Al-Murabitun, and Al-Muwahidun dynasties in North Africa, the volume of cross-Saharan trade between northwest Africa increased, and this trade gradually made western Africa Islamized. With the spread of Islam to West Africa, people in the region not only accepted Islamic religious customs and moral values, but also mixed Islamic culture with their traditions. A representative example is marabout, commonly used as a Muslim religious teacher in northwest Africa. Marabout is not found in Arabian Peninsula., but in northwest Africa, it exerts a greater influence than this time of the Mosque. Marabout is a new form that emerged as Sufi Islam was mixed based on African folk beliefs. Marabout originally referred to a person living in Rivat, a fortified monastery that performs religious and military functions, but its meaning changed to a Muslim religious teacher for cultural and environmental reasons. From this point of view, Islam needs to be comprehensively understood not only as a universal religion but also in various contexts according to the environment and culture.