분쟁 이후 관광산업의 재건과 평화구축: 르완다 ‘화산 국립공원’ 사례연구
Reconstruction of the tourism and the peace building after the conflict
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본 연구는 분쟁 지역의 관광산업 재개 및 복원이 평화구축에 기여하는 경로를 분석하였다. 관광산업은 일반적으로 안정된 평화의 정착 속에서 발전하며, 외부 조건에 가장 취약하고 민감하다. 하지만 최근에는 분쟁으로 인한 후유증과 외부의 편견을 관광산업의 새로운 전기로 발전시키는 사례들이 관찰되고 있다. 이러한 사례들은 관광산업의 복원을 통하여 평화구축에 기여하고, 국가와 지역사회가 겪은 분쟁의 아픔을 ‘관광상품’으로 치환하여 높은 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 성과를 이뤄내고 있다. 르완다의 화산 국립공원은 오랫동안 내전이 끊이지 않던 지역이었으나. 평화적 관광지로의 재건을 성공적으로 달성하였다. 르완다 정부는 지역사회와의 연계, 생태관광, 대외적 인식 개선 등을 통하여 관광산업의 ‘부활’을 선도하였다. 르완다의 사례는 분쟁 이후 관광산업의 재건이 경제적 이익 뿐 아니라 지속 가능한 발전, 편견의 완화, 취약계층의 보호에도 기여할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 르완다의 성공적인 관광산업 재건은 정부와 국제사회, 해당 지역 주민들이 모두 관여하여 이루어졌다. 이러한 재건 과정은 결국 평화구축의 본질과 맞닿아 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the path through which the resumption and restoration of the tourism in the disputed area contributed to the establishment of peace. The tourism generally develops in a stable settlement of peace, and is most vulnerable and sensitive to external conditions. However, in recent years, cases have been observed that develop the aftereffects of disputes and external prejudices into a new electricity for the tourism. These cases contribute to the establishment of peace through the restoration of the tourism and are achieving high economic, social, and cultural results by replacing the pain of disputes experienced by the state and local communities with tourism. Rwanda's ‘Volcanoes National Park’ was an area where civil war continued for a long time. Reconstruction as a peaceful tourist destination was successfully achieved. The Rwanda government led the tourism's ‘restoration’ through linkage with local communities, ecotourism, and improvement of external awareness. Rwanda's case suggests that the reconstruction of the tourism after the dispute can contribute not only to economic benefits but also to sustainable development, mitigation of prejudice, and protection of the vulnerable. Rwanda's successful reconstruction of the tourism was carried out with the involvement of the government, the international community, and residents of the region. This reconstruction process is in contact with the essence of peace building.
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