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아프리카 미들파워 연구: 모로코의 실리적 가교 외교

The middle power made in Africa: Morocco's African diplomacy

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키워드

주제분류학제간연구

초록

전통적인 미들파워 국가들은 주로 서구와 아시아에서 위치하면서, 미들파워로 부상하는 과정에서 개발협력과 인도적지원과 같은 선량한 외교를 펼칠 수 있는 무대로 아프리카를 전략적으로 활용하였다. 1990년대 일본의 아프리카외교가 대표적 예이다. 그러나 최근 경제 성장과 정치적 안정을 기반으로 미들파워 역할을 자처하는 아프리카 국가들이 등장하고 있다. 본 논문은 모로코의 아프리카 외교를 살펴보고, 이를 미들파워 외교의 관점에서 해석한다. 아프리카에서 모로코는 미들파워의 전형적인 가교 외교를 펼치지만, 동시에 아프리카 밖의 미들파워와는 달리 역내 패권 경쟁에 적극적으로 개입한다. 또 전형적인 남남협력의 파트너와는 달리 역사적이고 정치적인 연대감 대신 경제적이고 문화적인 교류를 통해 실질적 이익을 제공하는 데에 역점을 둔다. 본 논문은 미들파워 이론을 세분화하고 아프리카 외교 연구의 영역을 확장한다.

Abstract

The mainstream middle power studies have paid attention to the Global North and, increasingly, Asia. Yet, backed by economic growth and political stability, Africa has been witnessing emerging middle powers on the continent. The study explores the distinct qualities of African middle power in the context of the South-South cooperation. Drawing on Morocco’s Africa diplomacy, the study expands the scope of middlepowerism and Africa diplomacy study. While traditional middle powers have approached Africa as a diplomatic playground to present themselves as benign states, the African middle power exhibits distinctive diplomatic behaviours. In addition to the traditional role as a bridge, the African middle power was not shy away from the competition to become a regional hegemony. Furthermore, in contrast to typical South-South partners, Morocco relies on the provision of economic and cultural benefits instead of political narrative.

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