윌슨 평화주의의 모순: 1차 세계대전의 참전결정과 베르사유 평화 회담을 중심으로
Paradox of Wilsonian Peace
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Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, was renowned for pursuing Progressive reform and was praised for keeping his country out of the First World War for a while in his country. Around the world he was hailed as a hero to lead the First World War victorious and known as an advocate giving hope to the colonized people to gain the right to the self-determination and a creator of the League of Nations to secure endurable peace for the world. For a while after the end of the First World War he was welcomed as a prophet to open a new era in the world where justice, rather than power would be the central principle of international relations. However, when Treaty of Versailles was signed it was known that expectations of the colonized were not to be fulfilled and the principle of self-determination and his promises were faded into bitter disillusion. He asserted peace without victory but agreed to massive reparations from Germany, and relegated everything to the secondary status for creating the League of Nations. For this reason the assessment of Wilson is contradictory and various and even his intention to achieve world peace has been doubted and interpreted in numerous ways. From the idealist school Wilson was assessed as an idealist rooted in lofty principles of morality or utopian universalism, or a novice in the international relations, failed to recognize the plurality of cultures and societies. On the contrary the realist school assessed him as an adroit diplomatist and restrained pragmatic statesman, sharply attuned to a national economy. Some assessed Wilson fused idealism with his own version of realism. As the assessment is various this paper tried to find out his real intention focused on the process of American intervention of the First World War and signing the Treaty of Versailles to see whether he was an idealist with lofty morality or a realist to pursue America’s economic interest only or he was an idealist to achieve liberal internationalism as well as pursuing materialistic interest and what he truly aspired in the League of Nations and his entity of peace.
Abstract
Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, was renowned for pursuing Progressive reform and was praised for keeping his country out of the First World War for a while in his country. Around the world he was hailed as a hero to lead the First World War victorious and known as an advocate giving hope to the colonized people to gain the right to the self-determination and a creator of the League of Nations to secure endurable peace for the world. For a while after the end of the First World War he was welcomed as a prophet to open a new era in the world where justice, rather than power would be the central principle of international relations. However, when Treaty of Versailles was signed it was known that expectations of the colonized were not to be fulfilled and the principle of self-determination and his promises were faded into bitter disillusion. He asserted peace without victory but agreed to massive reparations from Germany, and relegated everything to the secondary status for creating the League of Nations. For this reason the assessment of Wilson is contradictory and various and even his intention to achieve world peace has been doubted and interpreted in numerous ways. From the idealist school Wilson was assessed as an idealist rooted in lofty principles of morality or utopian universalism, or a novice in the international relations, failed to recognize the plurality of cultures and societies. On the contrary the realist school assessed him as an adroit diplomatist and restrained pragmatic statesman, sharply attuned to a national economy. Some assessed Wilson fused idealism with his own version of realism. As the assessment is various this paper tried to find out his real intention focused on the process of American intervention of the First World War and signing the Treaty of Versailles to see whether he was an idealist with lofty morality or a realist to pursue America’s economic interest only or he was an idealist to achieve liberal internationalism as well as pursuing materialistic interest and what he truly aspired in the League of Nations and his entity of peace.
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