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자연에서 민족으로:라인 신화의 탄생과 성장

From Nature to Nation:the Myth of the Rhine

고유경
대구사학회 (Daegu Sahakhoe)|2012.02|대구사학 (DAEGUSAHAK)|제106권 |pp. 339-374

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참고문헌

키워드

게르마니아Germania라인 신화라인 낭만주의라인 민족주의라인 위기myth of the RhineRhine RomanticismRhine NationalismRhine crisis
주제분류역사학

초록

This paper explores the birth and the growth of the well-known national myth in 19th century Germany: the myth of the Rhine. It helps us to understand how nature has been used to build the national identity and how the invention of nation has affected the shaping of the national nature. From the early 19th century, the Rhine was found by the German Romantics as an ideal terrain in which to envision the sublime and the medieval revival. After the victory of Wars of Liberation in 1813, German nationalist intellectuals such as Ernst Moritz Arndt, author of Germany’s river, but not Germany’s Border, politicized the Romantic Rhine by re-imagining it as the fountain of German nationhood. This process was paralleled with the canalization of the Rhine, which was in itself a sign of the taming of nature of the modern nation-state. During the Rhine crisis of 1840, in which France renewed its claims to the Rhine river as their ‘natural border’, German nationalists struggled against their ‘hereditary enemy’ by composing patriotic Rhine-songs and by constructing national monuments such as Cologne cathedral. In this process, the Rhine was more and more identified with Germania, the goddess-like national symbol of Germany. The myth of the Rhine still remains at the heart of many people in Germany, even if it has lost its pre-war influence after 1945.

Abstract

This paper explores the birth and the growth of the well-known national myth in 19th century Germany: the myth of the Rhine. It helps us to understand how nature has been used to build the national identity and how the invention of nation has affected the shaping of the national nature. From the early 19th century, the Rhine was found by the German Romantics as an ideal terrain in which to envision the sublime and the medieval revival. After the victory of Wars of Liberation in 1813, German nationalist intellectuals such as Ernst Moritz Arndt, author of Germany’s river, but not Germany’s Border, politicized the Romantic Rhine by re-imagining it as the fountain of German nationhood. This process was paralleled with the canalization of the Rhine, which was in itself a sign of the taming of nature of the modern nation-state. During the Rhine crisis of 1840, in which France renewed its claims to the Rhine river as their ‘natural border’, German nationalists struggled against their ‘hereditary enemy’ by composing patriotic Rhine-songs and by constructing national monuments such as Cologne cathedral. In this process, the Rhine was more and more identified with Germania, the goddess-like national symbol of Germany. The myth of the Rhine still remains at the heart of many people in Germany, even if it has lost its pre-war influence after 1945.

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