민족ㆍ신화ㆍ현재: 헤르만 전투의 역사화
Nation, Myth, Present: Historization of the Battle of Hermann
0
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
It is clear that myths, especially myths of origin, play a key role in the making of national identity. In the context of the “nationalization of the masses,” this paper examines the myth of Hermann/Arminius, a legendary leader of the Cheruscian tribe who defeated the roman legions under Varus in the battle of the Teutoburg forest. Documented at first as the “liberator of Germania” by Tacitus's Annales, Arminius became a symbol of German nationalism during the Reformation. It was Martin Luther who rechristened the roman Arminius as the german Hermann, which means ‘army man’ or ‘warrior.’ Since the sixteenth century, Hermann became one of the most important figures in the German art and literature. The War of Napoleon in the beginning of the 19th century fueled the anti-French consciousness, the revival of German nationalism and the myth of Hermann. Its climax was the construction of Hermann Monument near Detmold in the Teutoburg forest. Completed in 1875 after the Franco-Prussian War and the unification of Germany, the monument was not mainly a product of state policy but of a national movement from below. But during the Second Empire the Hermann Monument entangled more and more with the monarchical intentions. Identified with “Barbablanca,” Emperor Wilhelm I, the ancient hero of Germania became an instrument of exclusion against internal enemies like Catholics and Jews. Despite the demystification process since the First World War, the name Hermann is still linked to the self-consciousness of Germany.
Abstract
It is clear that myths, especially myths of origin, play a key role in the making of national identity. In the context of the “nationalization of the masses,” this paper examines the myth of Hermann/Arminius, a legendary leader of the Cheruscian tribe who defeated the roman legions under Varus in the battle of the Teutoburg forest. Documented at first as the “liberator of Germania” by Tacitus's Annales, Arminius became a symbol of German nationalism during the Reformation. It was Martin Luther who rechristened the roman Arminius as the german Hermann, which means ‘army man’ or ‘warrior.’ Since the sixteenth century, Hermann became one of the most important figures in the German art and literature. The War of Napoleon in the beginning of the 19th century fueled the anti-French consciousness, the revival of German nationalism and the myth of Hermann. Its climax was the construction of Hermann Monument near Detmold in the Teutoburg forest. Completed in 1875 after the Franco-Prussian War and the unification of Germany, the monument was not mainly a product of state policy but of a national movement from below. But during the Second Empire the Hermann Monument entangled more and more with the monarchical intentions. Identified with “Barbablanca,” Emperor Wilhelm I, the ancient hero of Germania became an instrument of exclusion against internal enemies like Catholics and Jews. Despite the demystification process since the First World War, the name Hermann is still linked to the self-consciousness of Germany.
참고문헌 (39)
- Tillmann Bendikowski, "Der Tag, an dem Deutschland entstand" (2008), C. Bertelsmann
- Rainer Wiegels, "Die Varusschlacht. Wendepunkt der Geschichte?" (2007), Theiss
- Dieter Timpe, "Arminius-Studien" (1970), Winter
- Paderborn, "Ferdinand Schöningh", pp.439~457 (2003)
- 신상전, "Hermann 소재의 극적 형상화와 독일 민족주의", 인문과학연구, 4, pp.35~76 (1998)
- 윤소영, "그라베의 역사극에 나타난 역사인식", 박사, pp.2001
- 김충남, "독일 민족문학과 민족주의", 외국문화연구, 11, pp.125~154 (2002)
- 손호은, "클라이스트의 희곡 『헤르만 전투』의 전략 분석", 괴테연구, (15), pp.219~242 (2003), 한국괴테학회
- 김영목, "역사적 기억과 망각된 역사 - 크리스티안 디트리히 그라베의 역사 드라마들을 중심으로", 뷔히너와 현대문학, 23, pp.209~238 (2004), 한국뷔히너학회
- Andreas Dörner, "Der Mythos der nationalen Einheit. Symbolpolitik und Deutungskämpfe bei der Einweihung des Hermannsdenkmals im Jahre 1875", Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, 79, pp.389~416 (1997)
- Werner M. Doyé, "Arminius; Deutsche Erinnerungsorte Ⅲ", pp.587~602 (2003), C. H. Beck
- Justus H. Ulbricht, "Hermann heeßt'r… Germanenphantasien als Deutsche Selbstbilder zwischen Befreiungs- und Vernichtungskriege; Aufbrüche, Seitenpfade, Abwege. Suchbewegungen und Subkulturen im 20. Jahrhundert", pp.135~146 (2004), Königshausen & Neumann
- Klaus Kösters, "Die Varusschlacht und ihre Folgen" (2009), Aschendorff
- Gerd Unverfehrt, "Arminius als nationale Leitfigur. Anmerkungen zu Entstehung und Wandel eines Reichssymbols; Kunstverwaltung, Bau- und Denkmal-Politik im Kaiserreich", pp.315~340 (1981), Mann
- 팀 에덴서, "대중문화와 일상, 그리고 민족정체성" (2008), 이후
- 타키투스, "타키투스의 연대기", pp.132~ (2005), 범우사
- Dieter Timpe, "Römisch-germanische Begegnung in der späten Republik und frühen Neuzeit", pp.429~455 (2006), Voraussetzungen-Konfrontationen-Wirkungen
- Klaus Bemmann, "Arminius und die Deutschen", pp.103~104 (2002), Essen, Magnus
- Martin Luther, Werke, "Kritische Ausgabe. Abt. Ⅰ: Schriften", pp.205~ (1882), Weimar
- Luther, Werke, "Abt.Ⅱ: Tischreden", pp.329~330 (1882), Weimar
- Christina Lee, "Children of Darkness: Arminius", Siegfried in Germany, 2007, pp.320, 287~
- Heinrich von Kleist, "Sämtliche Werke und Briefe, 2권", pp.770~ (1984), dtv
- Heinrich von Kleist, "Sämtliche Werke und Briefe 1권", pp.615~ (1984), dtv
- 全壽蓮, "골루아 베르생제토릭스 또는 재창조된 프랑스 고대의 영웅", 역사학보, 173, pp.247~280 (2002), 역사학회
- "Christian Dietrich Grabbe, Werke, Vol. Ⅲ", pp.353~ (1961), Lechte
- Peter Arens, "Die Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald", pp.186~188 (2008), Eichborn
- Thomas Nipperdey, "Nationalidee und Nationaldenkmal in Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert", Historische Zeitschrift, 206, pp.529~585 (1968)
- 조지 모스, "대중의 국민화" (2008), 소나무
- Wolfgang Hardtwig, "Nationalbildung und politische Mentalität. Denkmal und Fest im Kaiserreich", pp.264~301 (1990), Geschichtskultur und Wissenschaft
- Charlotte Tacke, "Nationale Symbole in Deutschland und Frankreich im 19" (1995), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
- Tillmann Bendikowski, "Mythos einer Schlacht" (2008), Die Zeit
- Rudolf Scipio, "Der Ehrentag des Teutoburger Waldes", Die Gartenlaube, 38, pp.642~ (1875)
- 에드가 볼프룸, "무기가 된 역사. 독일사로 읽는 역사전쟁", pp.24~25 (2007), 역사비평사
- Heinrich Thorbecke, "Zur Geschichte des Hermannsdenkmals. Festschrift für den Tag der Uebergabe des Denkmals an das deutsche Volk", pp.55~ (1875)
- 고재백, "19세기 후반기 독일 부르주아 가족잡지의 역사 - 주간 가족화보(畵報) 가르텐라우베를 중심으로 -", 독일연구 - 역사·사회·문화, 12, pp.3~46 (2006), 한국독일사학회
- Alexander Demandt, "Der Baum in der Kulturgeschichte", pp.232~ (2002), Patmos
- Theodor Mommsen, "Römische Geschichte, Vol. 5: Die Provinzen von Caesar bis Diocletian", pp.40~ (1921), Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft
- Stefan Rebenich, "Die Erfindung der Deutschen" (2008), Die Zeit
- Karl Richter, "Arminius―ein deutsches Vermächtnis: Hermannsschlacht 2009", Nation und Europa, pp.12~ (2009)