본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

以의 문법화 과정 고찰 (上) - ≪詩經≫에 나타난 용례를 바탕으로

The Grammaticalization Path of yǐ 以 - Based on Its Occurrences in The Book of Odes(Shijing≪詩經≫)

장정임
중국어문연구회 (Chinese Literary Society)|2016.12|중국어문논총 (Journal of Chinese Language and Literature)|제78호|pp. 1-35|DOI 10.26586/chls.2016..78.001

0

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

prepositiongrammaticalizationverbsemantic maplinguistic typologyyǐ 以The Book of Odes(Shijing≪詩經≫)
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

This paper investigates the grammaticalization path of yǐ 以 in Old Chinese by analyzing all occurrences of it in The Book of Odes(Shijing≪詩經≫), a pre-classical text in the classification of Pulleyblank(1995). This text is chosen because it reflects a key early stage in the grammaticalization of 以. While the original verbal usages of 以 remain in this stage, it has also started to appear much more frequently as a preposition and a conjunction with a wide range of usages. 以 is originally a verb meaning ‘to lead’, and the meaning is extended to ‘to take’, ‘to bring’, ‘to hold’, and ‘to reach’. From a verb, it is further grammaticalized into a preposition with a wide range of usages, such as an instrumental marker and a direct-object marker. It is also used with a factitive verb 為 in the form [以……為……]. From its usage as an instrumental marker, it is further grammaticalized into a cause marker, a locative marker, and an agent marker. Each grammaticalization path is convincingly proved by providing ample examples from other languages which underwent a very similar path of grammaticalization. This shows that the grammaticalization path of 以 shown in The Book of Odes is not just limited to Old Chinese, but is very plausible from the perspective of linguistic typology. Finally, based on the analysis of the occurrences of 以 in this text, the semantic map of 以 is drawn.

Abstract

This paper investigates the grammaticalization path of yǐ 以 in Old Chinese by analyzing all occurrences of it in The Book of Odes(Shijing≪詩經≫), a pre-classical text in the classification of Pulleyblank(1995). This text is chosen because it reflects a key early stage in the grammaticalization of 以. While the original verbal usages of 以 remain in this stage, it has also started to appear much more frequently as a preposition and a conjunction with a wide range of usages. 以 is originally a verb meaning ‘to lead’, and the meaning is extended to ‘to take’, ‘to bring’, ‘to hold’, and ‘to reach’. From a verb, it is further grammaticalized into a preposition with a wide range of usages, such as an instrumental marker and a direct-object marker. It is also used with a factitive verb 為 in the form [以……為……]. From its usage as an instrumental marker, it is further grammaticalized into a cause marker, a locative marker, and an agent marker. Each grammaticalization path is convincingly proved by providing ample examples from other languages which underwent a very similar path of grammaticalization. This shows that the grammaticalization path of 以 shown in The Book of Odes is not just limited to Old Chinese, but is very plausible from the perspective of linguistic typology. Finally, based on the analysis of the occurrences of 以 in this text, the semantic map of 以 is drawn.

참고문헌 (52)

  1. 김두식, "영어 문법론" (2010), 종합출판 EnG
  2. 박종한, "중국어의 비밀" (2012), 궁리출판
  3. 이익섭, "국어학개설" (2015), 학연사
  4. 이정민, "언어학 사전" (2005), 박영사
  5. 허세욱, "중국 고대 문학사" (1986), 법문사
  6. 김학주, "신완역 시경" (2002), 명문당
  7. 楚辭韻讀, "詩經韻讀", pp.2004, 王力
  8. 謝紀鋒, "虛詞詁林" (2015), 商務印書館
  9. 楊伯峻, "春秋左傳注" (1981), 中華書局
  10. 楊伯峻, "古漢語虛詞" (1981), 中華書局
  11. Heine, Bernd, "World Lexicon of Grammaticalization" (2002), Cambridge University Press
  12. Hopper, Paul J., "Grammaticalization" (2003), Cambridge University Press
  13. Karlgren, Bernhard, "Glosses on the Book of Odes" (1964), Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
  14. Lord, Carol, "Historical Change in Serial Verb Construction" (1993), John Benjamins
  15. Peyraube, Alain, "Syntaxe diachronique du chinois: évolution des constructions dative du 14e siècle av. J.-C. au 18e siècle" (1988), Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises
  16. Pulleyblank, "Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar" (1995), UBC Press
  17. Sun Chaofen, "Word-Order Change and Grammaticalization in the History of Chinese" (1996), Stanford University Press
  18. Trask, R. L., "A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics" (1992), Routledge
  19. 김종찬, "連詞“以”表“目的”獻疑", 중국학논총, (42), pp.27~45 (2013), 중국학연구소
  20. 김종호, "《論語》에 보이는 ‘以’ 전치사구조의 명사구 초점화 양상 분석", 중국연구, 46, pp.21~40 (2009), 중국연구소[DOI]
  21. 김종호, "『論語』의 ‘NP,+X+以+VP’구조에 보이는 명사구의 화제화 양상 분석", 중국어문학논집, (55), pp.131~157 (2009), 중국어문학연구회
  22. 여병창, "3部 經典 中의 ＂以＂字 用法 比較硏究", 중국문학연구, (33), pp.377~408 (2006), 한국중문학회
  23. 梁世旭, "고전중국어의 ‘以’ 전치사구 語順과 정보구조", 중국어문학, (45), pp.99~124 (2005), 영남중국어문학회
  24. 허웨이, "西周 한어의 “以”자문－≪尙書≫와 金文을 중심으로－", 중국어문학, (71), pp.133~161 (2016), 영남중국어문학회
  25. 陳年福, "釋“以” ― 兼說“似”字和甲骨文聲符形化造字", 古漢語研究, 4, pp.71~75 (2002)
  26. 陳永正, "西周春秋銅器銘文中的聯結詞", 古漢語研究, 13, pp.303~329 (1986)
  27. 郭錫良, "介詞“以”的起源和發展", 古漢語研究, 1, pp.1~5 (1998)
  28. 何樂士, "“政以治民”和“以政治民”兩種句式有何不同", 中國語言學報, (3) (1988)
  29. 何樂士, "左傳虛詞研究", pp.130~172 (1989), 商務印書館
  30. 何樂士, "左傳虛詞研究", pp.173~184 (1989), 商務印書館
  31. 何樂士, "左傳虛詞研究", pp.185~188 (1989), 商務印書館
  32. 何樂士, "左傳虛詞研究", pp.189~209 (1989), 商務印書館
  33. 何樂士, "古漢語語法研究論文集", pp.12~ (2000), 商務印書館
  34. 魯國堯, "先秦汉语研究", pp.272~290 (1982), 山东教育出版社
  35. 羅端, "從甲骨金文看“以”字", 中國語文, 1, pp.3~9 (2009)
  36. 羅慶雲, ""詩經"的介詞"以"", 武漢大學學報(人文科學版), 2, pp.212~217 (2005)
  37. 呂志, "詩經介詞“以”考察", 三峽大學學報(人文社會科學版), 2, pp.51~53 (2002)
  38. 麥梅翹, "左傳中介詞“以”的前置賓語", 中國語文, 5, pp.360~363 (1983)
  39. 裘錫圭, "古文字論集", pp.106~110 (1992), 中華書局
  40. 宋會鴿, "詩經中“以”字用法分析", 韶關學院學報, 2, pp.108~111 (2009)
  41. 沈云佳, "詩經中“以A以B”句淺析", 婁底師專學報, 4, pp.57~58 (2004)
  42. 覃覓, "≪詩經≫“以”字的用法考察", 白色學院學報, 5, pp.94~99 (2010)
  43. 王貴民, "非耜形新探― 兼及有關古農具的文字語音問題", 農業考古, 2, pp.137~144 (1983)
  44. 武振玉, "金文“以”字用法初探", 北方論叢, 3, pp.8~ (2005)
  45. 楊五銘, "西周金文聯結詞‘以’, ‘用’, ‘于’釋例", 古文字研究, 10, pp.367~378 (1983)
  46. 張家文, "古漢語介詞“以”支配成分的移位和省略", 古漢語研究, 4, pp.44~48 (2001)
  47. Downer, G. B., "Derivation by tone-change in Classical Chinese", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 22, pp.258~290 (1959)
  48. Narrog, Heiko, "The Oxford Handbook of Case", pp.593~600 (2009), Oxford University Press
  49. Narrog, Heiko, "Re-constructing semantic maps: the comitative-instrumental area", Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung, 60(4), pp.273~292 (2009)
  50. Stolz, Thomas, "Some instruments are really good companions – some are not: on syncretism and the typology of instrumentals and comitatives", Theoretical Linguistics, 23, pp.113~200 (1996)
  51. Stolz, Thomas, "Aspects of Typology and Universals", pp.153~174 (2001), Akademie Verlag
  52. Stolz, Thomas, "The Oxford Handbook of Case", pp.601~608 (2009), Oxford University Press

관련 논문AI추천

以의 문법화 과정 고찰(下) — ≪詩經≫에 나타난 용례를 바탕으로장정임중국어문연구회 · 중국어문논총2017 · 제84호지시사 斯의 어법화 과정 ― ≪詩經≫에 나타난 斯의 용례를 중심으로장정임중국어문연구회 · 중국어문논총2014 · 제65호상고 한어 접속사 與와 及의 차이 재고찰(上)장정임중국어문연구회 · 중국어문논총2018 · 제89호상고 한어 접속사 與와 及의 차이 재고찰(下)장정임중국어문연구회 · 중국어문논총2019 · 제91호‘給’의 문법화 양상과 그 기제안소민언어정보연구소 · 언어와 정보 사회2012 · 제17권 ‘前’의 이동 의미 소실에 관한 고찰LIU XIUPING중국어문연구회 · 중국어문논총2016 · 제76호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)

汉语介词句否定式与连动句否定式的比较研究이쌍검pp. 37-61중국 살타태자 본생고사 벽화의 예술형식과 도상서사 연구조정래pp. 63-89≪三國演義≫ 眞僞檢證論의 論理的 問題點 一考 ― ‘空城計’를 위주로장미경, 박영록pp. 91-116≪紅樓夢≫ 劉姥姥進大觀園의 인지시학적 분석― ＜桃花源記＞와 비교를 중심으로고명주pp. 117-141조선시대 ≪삼국지≫와 ≪홍루몽≫의 수용방식 비교최용철pp. 143-174
원문 보기