지시사 斯의 어법화 과정 ― ≪詩經≫에 나타난 斯의 용례를 중심으로
The Grammaticalization of Demonstrative 斯 based on its Occurrences in The Book of Odes
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This paper analyzes occurrences of the particle sī 斯 in The Book of Odes in terms of the syntactic structures in which 斯 appears, arguing that usages of 斯 in Archaic Chinese can be divided into core functions—demonstrative pronoun, demonstrative adjective, and demonstrative adverb—and extended functions, which were derived from the core functions through grammaticalization. That is, 斯 used as an anaphoric pronoun, a coordinating conjunction, or a copula derived from the particle’s function as a demonstrative pronoun. 斯 used as a determiner or an attributive marker developed from its function as a demonstrative adjective. 斯 used as a degree or a manner adverb originated from its function as a demonstrative adverb. In each case, the proposed path of grammaticalization from core to extended function is supported by comparison with similar cases of grammaticalization that are observed not only in Chinese, but also in many other of the world’s languages. The parallels with similar cases of grammaticalization suggest that the grammaticalization processes described in this paper are significant both in the history of Chinese and from the perspective of language typology.
Abstract
This paper analyzes occurrences of the particle sī 斯 in The Book of Odes in terms of the syntactic structures in which 斯 appears, arguing that usages of 斯 in Archaic Chinese can be divided into core functions—demonstrative pronoun, demonstrative adjective, and demonstrative adverb—and extended functions, which were derived from the core functions through grammaticalization. That is, 斯 used as an anaphoric pronoun, a coordinating conjunction, or a copula derived from the particle’s function as a demonstrative pronoun. 斯 used as a determiner or an attributive marker developed from its function as a demonstrative adjective. 斯 used as a degree or a manner adverb originated from its function as a demonstrative adverb. In each case, the proposed path of grammaticalization from core to extended function is supported by comparison with similar cases of grammaticalization that are observed not only in Chinese, but also in many other of the world’s languages. The parallels with similar cases of grammaticalization suggest that the grammaticalization processes described in this paper are significant both in the history of Chinese and from the perspective of language typology.
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