助动词“会”与韩语在情态上的对应
The Korean Corresponding Forms in Terms of Modality of the Chinese Auxiliary Verb ‘Hui(会)’
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines the modal semantics of the auxiliary verb ‘Hui(会)’ and its correspondence with Korean. It is known that ‘Hui(会)’ has four modal semantics, namely dynamic modality [ability], cognitive modality [probability], obligation modality [will + promise], and dynamic modality [habit]. When expressing the dynamic modality [ability], it can be embodied as three semantics. One is that the subject of the sentence has some skill to do something after learning, and corresponds to the ‘-ㄹ 수 있다’ and ‘-ㄹ 줄 알다’ of Korean. The second is to know how to do something, corresponding to the Korean ‘-ㄹ 줄 알다’. The third is to express good at doing something, corresponding to the Korean ‘~ 잘 한다’. The cognitive modality of ‘Hui(会)’, which expresses the speaker’s speculation on the possibility of realization of the proposition, corresponds to ‘-ㄹ 것이다’ of the Korean table [probability]. But ‘Hui(会)’ can be freely combined with the future, and when combined with non-future time, it can represent a hypothesis in a hypothetical situation. ‘-ㄹ 것이다’ can be freely combined with the future and non-future. When the speaker is the subject of the sentence, the auxiliary verb ‘Hui(会)’ has the obligation modality [will + promise]. It expresses the ‘will’ of the speaker to do something, and also expresses the speaker’s promise to the listener or himself. ‘Hui(会)’ at this time corresponds to ‘-ㄹ 것이다’, which means ‘will’ in Korean. However, when the listener is not self, ‘Hui(会)’ can correspond not only to ‘-ㄹ 것이다’, but also to the ending ‘-ㄹ 게요’ of the [promise]. The ‘Hui(会)’ of dynamic modality can express two kinds of semantics. One is to express the laws of nature. This natural law is the fact that occurs in the real world, does not change with time, does not change with specific individual. At this time, no grammatical mark is used in Korean, and only vocabulary is used. The second category is the expression “the characteristics of a person or something that has been formed under certain conditions for a certain time”, which is [habit]. If the formed characteristics have ‘irregularity’, ‘Hui(会)’ and ‘-곤 하다’ correspond each other. If the formed characteristics are ‘regular’, grammatical marks are not used in Korean and vocabulary is used to express such regular [habit].
Abstract
This paper examines the modal semantics of the auxiliary verb ‘Hui(会)’ and its correspondence with Korean. It is known that ‘Hui(会)’ has four modal semantics, namely dynamic modality [ability], cognitive modality [probability], obligation modality [will + promise], and dynamic modality [habit]. When expressing the dynamic modality [ability], it can be embodied as three semantics. One is that the subject of the sentence has some skill to do something after learning, and corresponds to the ‘-ㄹ 수 있다’ and ‘-ㄹ 줄 알다’ of Korean. The second is to know how to do something, corresponding to the Korean ‘-ㄹ 줄 알다’. The third is to express good at doing something, corresponding to the Korean ‘~ 잘 한다’. The cognitive modality of ‘Hui(会)’, which expresses the speaker’s speculation on the possibility of realization of the proposition, corresponds to ‘-ㄹ 것이다’ of the Korean table [probability]. But ‘Hui(会)’ can be freely combined with the future, and when combined with non-future time, it can represent a hypothesis in a hypothetical situation. ‘-ㄹ 것이다’ can be freely combined with the future and non-future. When the speaker is the subject of the sentence, the auxiliary verb ‘Hui(会)’ has the obligation modality [will + promise]. It expresses the ‘will’ of the speaker to do something, and also expresses the speaker’s promise to the listener or himself. ‘Hui(会)’ at this time corresponds to ‘-ㄹ 것이다’, which means ‘will’ in Korean. However, when the listener is not self, ‘Hui(会)’ can correspond not only to ‘-ㄹ 것이다’, but also to the ending ‘-ㄹ 게요’ of the [promise]. The ‘Hui(会)’ of dynamic modality can express two kinds of semantics. One is to express the laws of nature. This natural law is the fact that occurs in the real world, does not change with time, does not change with specific individual. At this time, no grammatical mark is used in Korean, and only vocabulary is used. The second category is the expression “the characteristics of a person or something that has been formed under certain conditions for a certain time”, which is [habit]. If the formed characteristics have ‘irregularity’, ‘Hui(会)’ and ‘-곤 하다’ correspond each other. If the formed characteristics are ‘regular’, grammatical marks are not used in Korean and vocabulary is used to express such regular [habit].
참고문헌 (35)
- 고려대학교민족문화연구원, "중한사전" (2007), 고려대학교민족문화연구소
- 국립국어원, "표준국어대사전" (1999), 두산동아
- 국립국어원, "외국인을 위한 한국어문법2" (2005), 커뮤니케이션북스
- 김기혁, "‘가능’ 범주의 형성과 확장", 어원연구, 2 (1999), 한국어원학회
- 박덕유, "현대국어 習慣相 고찰", 교육문화연구, 10, pp.195~207 (2004), 교육연구소
- 박영종, "현대중한사전" (2009), 교학사
- 우문문, "‘-ㄹ 수 있다, -ㄹ 줄 알다’와 중국어 ‘能, 会, 可以’의 대조 연구", 석사, pp.2018
- 贺阳, "试论汉语书面语的语气系统", 中国人民大学学报, (5) (1992)
- 黄郁纯, "汉语能愿动词之语义研究", 硕士, pp.1999
- 蒋绍愚, "从助动词"解""会""识"的形成看语义的演变", 汉语学报, (1) (2007)
- 金明吉, "中韩词典" (2012), 黑龙江朝鲜民族出版社
- 赖鹏, "汉语能愿动词语际迁移偏误生成原因初探", 语言教学与研究, (5) (2006)
- 李敏, "现代汉语习惯体分析", 宁波大学学报, (6) (2010)
- 刘月华, "实用现代汉语语法" (2001), 商务印书馆
- 鲁川, "语言的主观信息和汉语的情态标记", 语法研究和探索, (12) (2003), 商务印书馆
- 鲁晓琨, "现代汉语基本助动词语义研究" (2004), 中国社会科学出版社
- 吕叔湘, "汉语语法分析问题" (1979), 商务印书馆
- 吕叔湘, "现代汉语八百词" (1999), 商务印书馆
- 吕叔湘, "现代汉语词典" (1958), 商务印书馆
- 马加贝, "现代动词语法化" (2014), 中华书局
- 钮丽莺, "“能、能够、会、可以”的对外汉语教学研究", 硕士, pp.2012
- 彭利贞, "现代汉语情态研究", 博士, pp.2005
- 王鹏, "语言应用研究" (2011), 上海辞书出版社
- 王振来, "论能愿动词的语义类别", 辽宁工学院学报, (1) (2002)
- 王振来, "谈能愿动词在句子表达中的作用", 辽宁师范大学学报, (3) (2002)
- 魏建功, "新华字典" (1953), 商务印书馆
- 相原茂, "迷解中国语文法" (1997), 讲谈社现代新书
- 谢佳玲, "汉语的情态动词", 博士, pp.2002
- 徐和平, "试论‘会’的语义与句法特征 — 兼论与‘能’的异同", 汉语研究, (3) (1992)
- 许慎, "说文解字", 百度在线, ~
- 周有斌, "现代汉语助动词研究" (2010), 北京师范大学出版集团安徽大学出版社
- 朱德熙, "语法讲义" (1982), 商务印书馆
- 朱冠明, "情态动词"必须"的形成和发展", 语言科学, (3) (2005)
- Lyons, J., "Semantics" (1977), Cambridge University Press
- Palmer, F. R., "Mood and Modality" (1986), Cambridge University Press