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중고중국어 ‘V+(O)+令/使+(O)+XP’구문의 구문론적 해석

A Constructional Analysis of ‘V+(O)+ling(令)/shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn in Middle Chinese

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중국어문연구회 (Chinese Literary Society)|2020.06|중국어문논총 (Journal of Chinese Language and Literature)|제99호|pp. 1-31|DOI 10.26586/chls.2020..99.001

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참고문헌

키워드

Middle Chineseconstructioncausative verbsspeaker’s intentionsactual typecausative pivotal cxn‘V+(O)+ling(令)/shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxnperiphrasis cxn‘VOC’complement cxncommand verbsresultant type
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

The Age of Middle Chinese was when the changes of type in Chinese were almost complete. Thus, during this period, the inflectional form of the Old Chinese language disappeared and the use of the periphrasis cxn emerged instead. ‘V+(O)+ling(令)/shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn is typical of this phenomenon. This cxn has been completed by the development of causative verbs. This cxn was born when the causative verbs were re-joined with the existing causative pivotal cxns. So, in meaning, some subtypes of this cxn still indicate the meaning of command as the existing causative pivotal cxns. However, other types represent the meaning of the result. This second type is similar to ‘VOC’ complement cxn. The two types also have the same verbs or complements. But these two types have different meaning functions. ‘V+(O)+ling(令) / shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn professionally serves to further highlight the speaker’s intentions. On the other hand, ‘V+(O)+ling(令)/shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn is not limited to the four-character format. The key is that the first and second verbs are aimed at one object. Thus, the act of two actions on one object constitutes a kind of unity. As a result, there are two main types of semantic functions. The first is the actual type which mainly involves the existing command verbs. The second is the resultant type, and the verb that participates in it is unrestricted. Also, the second verbs of the second type usually express the result status. This cxn appeared during the Age of the Warring states and existed until the Song Dynasty. However, this phrase was the most active in the Age of Middle Chinese. We look forward to further research on this cxn in the future.

Abstract

The Age of Middle Chinese was when the changes of type in Chinese were almost complete. Thus, during this period, the inflectional form of the Old Chinese language disappeared and the use of the periphrasis cxn emerged instead. ‘V+(O)+ling(令)/shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn is typical of this phenomenon. This cxn has been completed by the development of causative verbs. This cxn was born when the causative verbs were re-joined with the existing causative pivotal cxns. So, in meaning, some subtypes of this cxn still indicate the meaning of command as the existing causative pivotal cxns. However, other types represent the meaning of the result. This second type is similar to ‘VOC’ complement cxn. The two types also have the same verbs or complements. But these two types have different meaning functions. ‘V+(O)+ling(令) / shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn professionally serves to further highlight the speaker’s intentions. On the other hand, ‘V+(O)+ling(令)/shi(使)+(O)+XP’ cxn is not limited to the four-character format. The key is that the first and second verbs are aimed at one object. Thus, the act of two actions on one object constitutes a kind of unity. As a result, there are two main types of semantic functions. The first is the actual type which mainly involves the existing command verbs. The second is the resultant type, and the verb that participates in it is unrestricted. Also, the second verbs of the second type usually express the result status. This cxn appeared during the Age of the Warring states and existed until the Song Dynasty. However, this phrase was the most active in the Age of Middle Chinese. We look forward to further research on this cxn in the future.

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