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Recent Research Streams of Multi-Family Housing Studies in the US

조중구|임형백
한국주택학회 (Korean Association For Housing Policy Studies)|2004.05|주택연구 (Housing Studies)|제12권 제1호|pp. 201-218

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초록

본 연구는 미국 주택시장에서 특히 다가구주택에 관한 최근 연구 동향을 분석한 것이다. 우리나라의 경우와 마찬가지로 자기주택의 소유는 미국인의 꿈이라고 할만큼 중요한 의미를 가진다. 하지만 미국 주택시장의 경우 1990년대 사상 초유의 자가비율 하락을 경험한 바 있다. 이러한 자가비율의 하락은 주로 초기 주택시장 진입 계층인 20대와 노령층의 주거비지불능력의 하락, 그리고 이민자들의 자가 주택시장 진입의 어려움 때문인 것으로 드러났다. 단독주택이 주류를 이루는 미국 주택시장의 경우 아파트, 콘도미니엄 등과 같은 다가구주택은 주로 차가의 점유형태를 가지는 것이 일반적이다. 하지만 다가구주택의 효용성을 검증한 일련의 실증분석에서는 이들 주택의 점유형태가 자가로 사용될 경우 이들 계층들의 자가시장 진입가능성이 더욱 높을 것으로 예측되었다. 이러한 분석결과에 기초한 다양한 정책 제언을 요약하면 다가구주택시장의 활성화와 이들 주택유형의 자가시장 진입을 통한 이민자들 및 20대의 신규가구 형성자들의 자가비율 진작을 제안하고 있다. 이러한 동향은 아파트 등과 같은 다가구주택의 효용성이 여전히 유효하며, 전원주택 등과 같은 단독주택의 효용성이 점증하고 있는 우리나라 주택시장의 동향과는 상당한 차이를 보이고 있다.

Abstract

>The present article considers the utility of multi-family housing to homeownership studies, focusing mainly on the context of the US housing market. Based on the diverse empirical homeownership studies, the first part of the study discusses the possible enhancement of homeownership models by incorporating two forms of housing structure. The present study demonstrates that specifying a measure of housing quality represented by housing structure has utility in the housing consumption or tenure choice model. The study argues that it is unrealistic in the housing consumption or tenure choice to assume that each household in the housing market has identical preferences. The study finds that the supply of multi-family housing units makes it easier/earlier for households to adjust their housing purchases to meet their changing housing needs, particularly for recent immigrants or minority households who cannot afford to consume high valued housing in the US. What little empirical experience is available for multi-family housing study to date from the diverse social sciences indicates that the present study may provide a useful platform for further efforts contributing to the development of tenure choice and housing consumption studies for the diverse disciplines. The present study concludes that diverse policy requires state and local governments to develop a comprehensive housing affordability strategy, identifying a community's current and anticipated needs for affordable and supportive housing and outlining a strategy for addressing those needs.

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