유학생들의 타 인종 접촉과 다문화적 태도에 관한 사례 연구
A Qualitative Case Study of Korean College Students' Multicultural Attitude after Contact with Racially Diverse Groups
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초록
본 연구는 한국 유학생들이 소수민족으로서 민족적․인종적 타 집단 성원들과 접촉하면서 경험한 인식은 어떤 것들이며 이를 통해 그들의 고정관념과 편견은 어떻게 변화되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구자는 영국의 다인종 캠퍼스인 B대학에서 유학중인 한국 학생들 24명을 대상으로 반 구조화 면접을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국 유학생들은 여러 인종·민족 집단과의 접촉 결과 다양한 인식을 형성하고 있었다. 구체적으로 인종 간 상호연계성 강화, 자민족 구성원과의 상호작용을 통한 민족 소속감 강화, 타 인종 집단과의 상호작용을 통한 민족 정체성의 정치화, 소수민족으로서의 생활을 통한 한국 내 소수민족에 대한 공감 및 그들에 대한 한국인의 태도 비판 등의 경험을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이러한 경험의 결과, 유학생들은 다문화적 태도의 변화를 경험하였다. 타 인종에 대한 낯선 느낌은 친숙함으로 달라졌고, 소수민족 성원으로서 차별을 의식하다가 민족 정체성을 강화하게 되었으며, 민족 갈등을 회피하다가 이를 일상적으로 수용하게 되었고, 타 문화에 대한 모호한 고정관념은 수용과 관용의 자세로 변화하였다. 타 인종 집단과의 접촉은 유학생들로 하여금 공감과 자기성찰을 통해, 타 문화 수용, 민족 정체성 강화, 다문화적 역량 강화 등을 갖추게 하였다. 이러한 접촉은 다문화적 태도를 함양할 수 있는 적절한 기회를 제공한다는 점에서 다문화교육의 중요한 부분으로 인식되어야 하고 아울러 접촉의 긍정적 효과를 함양할 수 있는 방안에 대한 후속 연구가 진행되어야 한다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine what Korean students experience through their contacts and interactions with a racially/ethnically diverse group of students and how their attitudes towards these groups appear and change on a racially diverse campus(R.D.C.) in the UK. Its major research questions are as follows: First, what are Korean students‘ perceptions via multicultural contacts in a R.D.C? Second, in which forms do the Korean students' multicultural attitudes appear in a R.D.C.? In answering these questions, a qualitative case study on Korean students in a R.D.C. in the UK is carried out, in the course of which in-depth interviews with semi-structured questions were conducted. The results of this study are as follows. First, Korean students have improved cross-racial interactions, enhanced their ethnic belonging, politicized their ethnic identity and reflected on themselves through their experiences as members of a minority group. Futhermore, the students came to have a critical outlook on the Korean people's dual attitudes towards culturally different groups. Second, Korean students have shown four multicultural attitudes in a R.D.C.―They have expressed both unfamiliarity and familiarity to racially different group, felt discriminated as members of a minority group however enhanced their ethnic identity, politicized their ethnic identity but also avoided issues of political conflict, and shown both ignorance and tolerance to culturally different groups.
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