왕안석 『홍범전』의 노자적 독법 ― 附: 『洪範傳』 譯註 ―

Abstract

This paper mainly consists of two different parts, an essay and a translation with annotations, and the former also consists of 5 chapters. The 1st chapter deals with why did the studies about the Great Plan emerge in the Sung era. The Sung Dynasty, founded through the constant wars of the Five Dynasties, had many problems at home and abroad. It was necessary for the Sung Dynasty to undermine the power of the Fan-chen domestically and for it to be in competition with nomadic countries abroad, Liao and Western Hsia. There was an historical event in the reign of the Chen-tsung emperor, who changed his era name to Ta-chung Hsiang-fu, it was an attempt with the Great Plan in mind, as can be seen in the era name itself. The 2nd chapter deals with the studies about the Great Plan in the Sung era, which started with the same time of Chen-tsung’s changing his era name event. The Great Plan had been known as a decisive political theory that advocates a monarchy, but it got into a process of change for advocating the right of the chancellor, because the superior position of the chancellor became clear in the political history after the Five Dynasties. Based on the several prior studies, the essay believes that the studies about the Great Plan in the Sung era was triggered by the competition between the chancellor and the emperor, but ultimately led to the argument of defending the right of the chancellor. And it was Wang An-Shih’s Commentary of the Great Plan that provided the decisive logic of the argument for defending the right of the chancellor. The 3rd chapter estimates that Wang’s Commentary had formed in his last years through examining his literary collection and Ts’ai Shang-hsiang’s Wang An-Shih Nian-pu Kao-lüe. In addition, the essay reveals that his another Commentary on the Lao Tzu had established at the almost same time with his Commentary of the Great Plan, and his two writings showed that they shared the same goals. The 4th chapter reveals that Wang’s main idea about Commentary of the Great Plan was clearly for defending the right of the chancellor, and says that he brought it from the Lao Tzu, especially from the 28th chapter of it. It also reveals that his theory of Substance and Utilities, including the theory of Non-essentials and Fundamentals, can be found in Wang’s works and his theory was incorporated in his two Commentaries. The 5th chapter describes the subsequent evaluation of Wang An-Shih. The essay examines the evaluations of him in the Sung Dynasty, through comparing with the evaluation of him between Yang Shih and Liu Yi, and discusses Chu Hsi’s evaluation of Wang was a relatively impartial view.