한국 청소년의 시민지식 및 내적 정치효능감 발달에 대한 연구
The Effects of Personal and Contextual Factors on Civic Knowledge and Internal Political Efficacy among Korean Adolescents
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초록
본 연구는 다양한 개인 및 맥락변인이 한국 청소년의 시민지식과 내적 정치효능감 수준에 미치는 효과를 탐구하였다. 이를 위하여 국제시민교육연구(ICCS)에서 한국의 약 14세 중학생을 대상으로 표집한 5,254명의 자료를 분석하였다(평균 연령 14.7세). 가정, 학교, 대중매체, 동료집단, 지역사회에 이르는 다각적⋅다층적 맥락이 고려되었으며, 위계선형모형을 활용하여 학생수준 및 학교수준에서의 독립변인의 효과를 동시에 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별(여학생), 기대교육정도, 학교 참여, 대중매체를 통한 뉴스 소비, 부모와의 토론, SES, 학생-교사 관계, 학교규모, 학교 SES는 청소년의 시민지식 수준에 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 학교 밖 시민조직에의 참여, 학교에서의 학생 영향력, 지역사회의 사회문화 자원 및 사회적 갈등은 시민지식 수준과 음(-)의 관련성이 있었다. 셋째, 내적 정치효능감과 관련하여, 시민지식, 학교 안팎에서의 참여경험, 대중매체를 통한 뉴스 소비, 부모와의 토론, 부모의 정치적 관심, 민주적 학교 분위기(토론 개방성, 학생 영향력, 학생-교사 관계)에 대한 긍정적 인식, 학우들의 학교 참여경험, 학교 평균 토론 개방성은 양(+)의 효과가 있었다. 넷째, 여학생과 SES가 높은 학교의 학생은 내적 정치효능감이 낮은 경향을 보였다.
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of diverse personal and contextual factors on civic knowledge and internal political efficacy among Korean adolescents (approximately 14 years of age). Multiple and multilevel contexts, such as a family, a school, mass media, peers, and a local community, were considered as well as individual characteristics and experiences. Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to analyze data collected from a nationally representative sample (5,254 Korean adolescents who had participated in the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study). Findings show that adolescents' civic knowledge (1) had positive relationships with gender (female), expected educational attainment, civic participation at school, using mass media (TV, newspaper, the Internet) to be informed about national and international news, political discussions with parent(s), parental political interest, family SES, personal perceptions of student-teacher relations, school size, and school SES (2) while being negatively related to civic participation outside of school, students' influence on decisions about school (at both student and school levels), and the availability of social and cultural resources and social tension in the community. (3) Adolescents' internal political efficacy is positively associated with civic knowledge, participation experience at and outside of school, mass media, political discussion with parent(s), parental political interest, personal perceptions of democratic school climate (openness in classroom discussions, students' influence, student-teacher relations), peers' civic participation at school, and collective perceptions of openness in classroom discussions; (4) however, gender (female) and school SES were negative predictors of internal political efficacy.
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