가정 및 학교 요인이 남녀 중학생의 사회화에 미치는 영향
Gender Differences Regarding the Effects of Family and School Factors on Socialization of Middle School Students
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본 연구의 목적은 민주주의의 수준은 높지만 성차별적 문화가 여전히 작동하는 우리 사회에서 미시적 맥락 경험이 남녀 청소년의 사회화에 미치는 차별적 효과를 경험적으로 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 가정 요인(어머니/아버지의 교육수준, 어머니/아버지의 시사에 대한 관심, 부모와의 시사에 대한 대화)과 학교 요인(학교에서의 참여 활동, 토론에 개방적인 수업 분위기, 학교 의사결정에서 학생의 영향력, 학생-교사 관계)이 남녀 중학생의 참여적 자질(내적 정치효능감, 비형식적 참여기대) 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 국제시민교육연구(ICCS)에서 우리나라 중학교 2학년 학생을 대상으로 수집한 자료를 다중집단경로분석으로 분석한 결과(N = 5,055), 아버지의 교육수준과 아버지의 시사에 대한 관심은 남학생의 참여적 자질 발달에만 긍정적 효과가 있었고 여학생에는 아무런 효과가 없었다. 어머니의 교육수준과 어머니의 시사에 대한 관심은 어떤 성별 집단에서도 유의한 효과가 없었다. 부모와의 시사에 대한 대화, 학교에서의 참여 활동, 토론에 개방적인 수업 분위기, 학생-교사 관계는 남학생의 참여적 자질 발달에 더욱 유리하게 작용하였다. 다만 학교 의사결정에서 학생의 영향력은 두 성별 집단 모두에서 참여적 자질 발달에 긍정적 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify possible gender differences regarding the effects of daily experiences in micro contexts on adolescent socialization. To this end, the study examined the differential effects of family and school factors on the development of participatory qualities (internal political efficacy and expected informal civic participation) between female and male adolescents in a society where gender inequality considerably impacts their everyday life. Korean data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, which was collected from 8th graders in 2009, was analyzed (N = 5,055). Multiple group path analysis revealed that fathers’ educational attainment and interest in social issues had a positive effect on male adolescents’ participatory qualities while they had no effect on female adolescents’ participatory qualities. Mothers’ educational attainment and interest in social issues did not affect participatory qualities in either group. Talking with parents about political or social issues, civic participation at school, openness in classroom discussions, student-teacher relations were positively associated with both dependent variables for males; but, for females, they were a significant predictor of either one. Student influence on decisions about school was the only predictor that had a positive relationship with both outcome variables regardless of adolescents’ gender.
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