프로축구선수단의 동계체력훈련이 프로축구선수의 체력 특성에 미치는 영향
Effects of Physical Training on Physiological Characteristics of Professional Soccer Players
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초록
이 연구는 국내 정상급의 일 프로축구단에서 매년 지속되어온 동계훈련 프로그램 전·후에 선수들의 체력을 평가함으로써 그 효과를 구명(究明)하고, 바람직한 훈련방법을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 국내 우수 프로축구단의 선수를 대상으로 동계훈련 전·후의 축구관련 체력특성을 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 기초체력의 검사 결과, 체력훈련 후 체후굴(유연성)과 배근력에서 향상되었고, 체전굴(유연성), 서전트 점프, 전신반응력에서는 변화가 없었다. 심폐지구력 결과, 체력훈련은 젖산역치와 젖산역치수준에서의 심박수에는 변화는 없었으나, 심폐지구력이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 신체구성은 체력훈련 후에 체중의 변화는 없었으나, 지방량은 감소하고 제지방량(근육)은 향상하였다. 그러나 무산소파워 능력과 근력 및 근파워 능력 그리고 젖산역치에는 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과, 신체구성과 최대산소섭취량에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타난 현재의 훈련프로그램 외에, 근력 및 근파워와 무산소파워 능력을 증진하는 고강도 체력훈련프로그램이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 이와 같은 고강도 체력훈련프로그램을 함께 적용함으로써, 프로축구선수들의 체력과 경기력을 향상할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of preseason soccer training on performance-related physical fitness in professional soccer players. Twenty-six professional soccer players, aged 24±3.8yr, participated in the present study. The six-week physical training program were performed. Flexibility, Sargent jump, reaction time, maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold, the Wingate anearobic power, and isokinetic muscle strength were tested before and after physical training. There was a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake from 58.2±9.7 to 67.3±9.1 mlO2/min/kg (P<.001) after training program. However, lactate threshold was not reached enough to effectively play high-level soccer, even though lactate threshold was increased from 40.8±6.4 to 48.7±6.2mlO2/min/kg (P<.001). In the change of body composition, body fat mass decreased from 10.0±2.8 to 8.1±2.1kg (P<.001) and body fat free mass was increased from 65.9±3.9 to 67.4±3.7kg (P<.001) with no change of body weight. There were no differences in anaerobic capacity, maximal muscle strength, muscle power, muscle endurance, reaction time, and agility. In conclusion, these results suggested that the present preseason soccer training was effective on endurance capacity and body composition, but not effective on muscle strength and anaerobic capacity. Therefore, there was needs on development of effective physical training program for muscle power and anaerobic capacity.
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