엘리트 선수로 가는 길, 조기 스포츠 전문화 참여의 이슈와 과제
The issue of early sport specialization and the development of elite sport players
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초록
조기 스포츠 전문화 길에 접어든다는 것은 스포츠 스타로서 성공확률을 높이려는 궁극적인 목표와 함께 연습시간 확보, 적성 개발을 위한 전략이 바탕에 있다. 어린 시절부터 특정 종목에 참여한 의도적인 연습의 누적 효과가 명확하지 않은 가운데, 조기 스포츠 전문화를 위한 노력에 대하여 교육적 발달적 관점에서 부정적 효과에 대한 논의도 지속되어 왔다. 조기 스포츠 전문화 길에서는 제한적, 획일적 구조적 틀에서 반복적 의도적 연습을 강조해왔다. 미래 엘리트 선수는 개인과 개인간, 조직과 사회 문화 그리고 시간적 변화라는 복잡한 생태계 역동성 구조안에서 이해되어야 한다. 생태역학적 모형내의 유도적 훈련환경과 코칭 시스템이야말로 엘리트선수 육성에 필요한 개별화와 다양성을 최적화 할 수 있다. 엘리트 선수로가는 길은 다양한 전문 영역의 참여와 의사소통 그리고 민주적인 의사결정 방식이 가능한 조직과 훈련환경에 의해 결정된다.
Abstract
The idea of entering the field of early sports specialization is based on strategies to increase the likelihood of success as a sports star, by securing training time and developing aptitude. There have been arguments about the negative effects despite the lack of clear evidence of the cumulative effect of deliberate practice in specific sports from an early age. The concept of early sports specialization has emphasized repetitive deliberate practice in a limited and uniform structure. Future elite sport must be understood within the ecosystem of the intra- and interpersonal, organizational, socio-cultural, and temporal dynamics. The affordance landscape and the integrated coaching system within the dynamic ecological model can optimize the individualization and diversity necessary to develop elite athletes. The path to elite athletes is made possible by organizations and training environments that allow participation of and communication between different disciplines in the democratic decision-making process.
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