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Public Administrators’ Attitudes on Digital Citizen Participation

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정보통신기술의 발전으로 전자민주주의에 대한 관심이 매우 높아지고 있다. 행정에 관한 정보를 시민에게 제공하는 것은 물론 정부의 정책결정과정에 시민이 참여하는 것에 이르기까지 다양한 수준에서 전자시민참여가 행정의 민주화를 제고하는 도구로 활용되고 있다. 이 연구는 전자시민참여에 대한 공무원의 인식과 태도, 즉 공무원은 정책과정에서 정보통신기술을 이용한 시민의 의견수렴이 필요한 것으로 인식하고 그에 대응하고 있는지를 분석하는 데 초점을 두고 있다. 공무원의 전자시민참여에 대한 인식과 태도를 파악보고 현재의 전자시민참여 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 23명의 공무원을 심층 면접하여 분석하였다. 거버넌스, 민주주의, 시민참여, 심의, 정보통신기술 등에 대한 문헌을 고찰한 후, 이 연구는 감시기능(watchdog function), 참여기능(participatory function), 문화기능(cultural function)으로 구성된 전자시민참여 기능 모형을 설정하고 이를 분석하기 위한 다양한 질문을 통해 면접을 실시하였다. 면접 결과 감시와 참여의 기능은 발전의 단계에 들어서고 있지만 문화기능은 아직은 부족한 현실이라 하겠다. 면접 결과를 통해 전자시민참여는 절차적 민주주의를 강화하기 위한 수단으로 작용하고 있으며 또한 시민-정부 상호작용의 주요한 도구로 활용되고 있어 정부의 다양한 활동에 대한 감시의 기능은 어느 정도 의미를 지니고 있다. 더불어 시민들이 다양한 의견을 제시하고 정부는 이를 고려하여 정책에 반영하는 등 참여의 기능도 어느 정도 활성화되어 가고는 있으나 공무원들은 시민의 제안과 정책에 대한 의견의 품질에 대해서는 그다지 긍정적이지 않다. 또한 정보격차의 문제로 인해 전자시민참여를 시민 전체의 의견으로 받아들이기에는 아직 한계가 있지만 한국의 정보통신기술의 인프라는 훌륭하게 구축되어 있고 발전하기 때문에 정보격차를 조만간 줄일 수 있을 것으로 공무원들은 여기고 있다. 나아가 전자시민참여에서 시민들이 사용하는 용어에 있어서도 긍정적인 평가만은 아니며 시민들이 사회적 합의에 다다르는 역량도 부족하다는 평가를 내리고 있어 전자시민참여가 문화기능 측면에서는 발전의 여지가 많다고 하겠다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구에서는 진정한 의미의 전자시민참여를 발전시키기 위하여 촉진자(facilitator)로서의 공무원의 역할 등을 대안으로 제시하고 있다.

Abstract

As the rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs), digital citizen participation has proliferated around the world. This study tries to answer the question, “Will public administrators begin to see that they need to involve citizens in their policy making and implementation through genuine deliberation using ICTs on a regular basis?” In order to answer this question, this study performs interview of 23 public administrators in Seoul Metropolitan Government. After reviewing literatures on governance, democracy, citizen participation, deliberation, and ICTs, this study develops functional model of digital citizen participation comprising of watchdog function, participatory function, and cultural function. Based on interviews, this study shows digital citizen participation as a means of procedural democracy and public relations. In addition, this study suggests that public administrators should play roles as facilitators in digital citizen participation because citizens lack negotiation skills and are not likely to reach conclusion in deliberative process. Moreover, toward authentic digital citizen participation, public administrators should bridge digital divide to secure representativeness in digital citizen participation. Finally, this study concludes that watchdog and participatory functions of digital citizen participation in Korea are somewhat on the right track, while its cultural function has lots of rooms to be fulfilled.

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