본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

태국과 필리핀의 정치변동: 민주화의 후퇴? 재권위주의화?

Political Change in Thailand and the Philippines: Democratic Recession? Returning to Authoritarianism?

0

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류지역학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 최근 태국과 필리핀에서 관찰된 정치변동의 본질이 민주 화 이행과정에서 일시적으로 나타난 “민주화의 후퇴” 현상인지, 아니면 권위 주의체제로 회귀하여 “재권위주의화”되고 있는 것인지에 대한 답을 찾고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 정치변동 관련 기존연구들에 기초한 세 가지의 가설 을 추출하였다. 민주적 절차와 제도 및 민간우위의 원칙을 통한 자유민주주의 체제 특성을 확인할 <가설 1>, 개인의 자유과 권리 통제, 권력의 집중현상, 법 치주의를 위협하는 포퓰리즘의 통치행태 등 권위주의체제 특성을 확인할 <가 설 2>, 그리고 민주화 이행과정에서 민주적인 제도와 대중적 인식 사이의 일치 또는 부조화를 확인할 수 있는 <가설 3> 등이다. 가설들을 통하여 분석한 결과 태국과 필리핀에서 관찰되는 최근의 정치변동은 일시적인 “민주화의 후퇴”보 다는 “재권위주의화”로 규정하는 것이 더 타당할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결 론의 함의는 경쟁적 선거와 평화적 정권교체라는 민주적인 제도나 절차의 변 화만으로는 자유민주주의체제로 성공적인 이행이 보장되지 못한다는 사실이 다. 아울러대중들의인식과신념의변화및민주적실행이수반되지않는경우 반쪽자리 민주주의로 그 생명력이 오래 지속될 수 없음도 두 사례를 통하여 확 인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to verify whether recent political change in Thailand and the Philippines is temporarily shown “democratic recession” or “returning to authoritarianism”. For the purpose this research establishes three propositions based on previous academic researches of political change. The <Proposition 1> is to verify characteristics of liberal democracy based on democratic procedures and institutions as well as civilian control over the military. The <Proposition 2> is to analyze the characteristics of authoritarianism such as the control over individual freedom and rights, concentration of power, and populist ruling behavior contrary to constitutionalism. The last one, <Proposition 3>, is to check either the coincidence or discrepancy between democratic institutions and popular understanding of democracy during democratic transitions. The finding through testing those propositions is that recent political change in two countries is more likely “returing to authoritarianism” rather than provisional “democratic recession”. Implications of the finding has two aspects. One is that the only change in democratic procedures and institutions including the competition among political parties and peaceful change of governments are not enough to ensure a successful transition to liberal democracy. The other is that a half-democracy lacking the change of popular understanding and belief toward democracy as well as democratic practices cannot survive long enough. These are confirmed through this study on the cases of Thailand and the Philippines.

참고문헌 (55)

  1. 김홍구, "푸미폰 국왕의 정치개입 요인 분석", 동남아연구, 19(2), pp.53~108 (2009), 동남아연구소[DOI]
  2. 서경교, "태국과 필리핀의 민주화 비교연구", 국제정치논총, 36(3), pp.355~384 (1997)
  3. 서경교, "동아시아의 정치변동: 연구의 쟁점과 전략", pp.265~324 (2001), 인간사랑
  4. 서경교, "정치변동과 민주화를 바라보는 시각: 논의와 평가", 국제지역연구, 8(1), pp.371~394 (2004), 국제지역연구센터
  5. 서경교, "민주화의 위기: 태국과 필리핀의 비교연구", 국제지역연구, 11(3), pp.261~288 (2007), 국제지역연구센터
  6. 서경교, "태국의 정치변동과 민주주의: 주요 정치행위자를 중심으로", 한국태국학회논총, 18(2), pp.1~35 (2012), 한국태국학회[DOI]
  7. 서경교, "민주화 과정에서 대중들의 정치적 인식: 태국사례", 한국태국학회논총, 19(2), pp.145~178 (2013), 한국태국학회[DOI]
  8. 서경교, "태국 민주주의와 군부 쿠데타: 2006년과2014년 쿠데타를 중심으로", 한국태국학회논총, 22(1), pp.269~299 (2015), 한국태국학회[DOI]
  9. 이동윤, "민주주의 공고화와 퇴보 사이에서:태국의 탁씬 정부와 민주주의 논쟁", 국제정치논총, 47(2), pp.173~196 (2007), 한국국제정치학회
  10. Abinales, Patricio N., "The Philippines in 2009: The Blustery Days of August", Asian Survey, 50(1), pp.218~227 (2010)
  11. Abinales, Patricio N., "The Philippines in 2010: Blood, Ballots, and Beyond", Asian Survey, 51(1), pp.163~172 (2011)
  12. Abramowitz, Michael J., "The Freedom House Survey for 2017: Democracy Beleaguered", Journal of Democracy, 28(2), pp.128~142 (2018)
  13. Aquino, Belinda A., "Filipino Elections and ‘Illiberal’ Democracy", Public Policy, 11(3), pp.1~26 (1998)
  14. Carothers, Thomas, "The End of Transition Paradigm", Journal of Democracy, 13(1), pp.5~21 (2002)
  15. De Castro, Renato Cruz, "The Philippines in 2012: ‘Easygoing, Do-Nothing’ President Delivers", Asian Survey, 53(1), pp.109~116 (2013)
  16. Diamond, Larry, "Beyond Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism: Strategies for Democratization", Washington Quarterly, 12(1), pp.141~163 (1989)
  17. Diamond, Larry, "The Global Resurgence of Democracy", pp.111~123 (1996), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  18. Diamond, Larry, "The Global Resurgence of Democracy", pp.227~240 (1996), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  19. Diamond, Larry, "Democracy's Past and Future", Journal of Democracy, 21(1), pp.5~8 (2010)
  20. Fukuyama, Francis, "The End of History?", The National Interest, 16, pp.3~18 (1989)
  21. Fukuyama, Francis, "Reflections on the End of History: Five Years Later", History and Theory, 34(2), pp.27~43 (1995)
  22. Fukuyama, Francis, "Second Thoughts: The End of History 10 Years Later", New Perspectives Quarterly, 16(4), pp.40~42 (1999)
  23. Galston, William A., "The Populist Challenge to Liberal Democracy", Journal of Democracy, 29(2), pp.5~19 (2018)
  24. Hernandez, Carolina, "The Philippines in 2015: A House Still Not in Order?", Asian Survey, 56(1), pp.115~122 (2016)
  25. Hernandez, Carolina, "The Philippines in 2016: The Year That Shook the World", Asian Survey, 57(1), pp.135~141 (2017)
  26. Huntington, Samuel, "The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century" (1991), Oklahoma University Press
  27. Hussien, Sefudein Adem, "On the End of History and the Clash of Civilization: A Dissenter's View", Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 21(1), pp.25~39 (2001)
  28. Jowitt, Ken, "The Global Resurgence of Democracy", pp.26~35 (1996), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  29. Kurlantzick, Joshua, "The Great Democracy Meltdown: Why the World Is Becoming Less Free", The New Republic, 12~15 (2011)
  30. Levitsky, Steven, "The Myth of Democratic Recession", Journal of Democracy, 26(1), pp.45~58 (2015)
  31. McCargo, Duncan, "Network monarchy and legitimacy crises in Thailand", The Pacific Review, 18(4), pp.499~519 (2005)
  32. Moller, Jorgen, "Regime Types and Democratic Sequencing", Journal of Democracy, 24(1), pp.142~155 (2013)
  33. Mutebi, Alex M., "Thailand in 2003: Riding High Again", Asian Survey, 44(1), pp.78~86 (2004)
  34. Ockey, James, "Thailand in 2007: The Struggle to Control Democracy", Asian Survey, 48(1), pp.20~28 (2008)
  35. Panaspornprasit, Chookiat, "Thailand: Politicized Thaksinization", Southeast Asian Affairs, 2004, pp.257~266 (2004)
  36. Plano, Jack C., "Political Science Dictionary" (1973), The Dryden Press
  37. Plattner, Marc F., "The Global Resurgence of Democracy", pp.36~48 (1996), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  38. Plattner, Marc F., "Is Democracy in Decline?", Journal of Democracy, 26(1), pp.5~10 (2015)
  39. Plattner, Marc F., "Liberal Democracy's Fading Allure", Journal of Democracy, 28(4), pp.5~14 (2017)
  40. Pongsudhirak, Thitinan, "Thailand: Democratic Authoritarianism", Southeast Asian Affairs, 2003, pp.277~290 (2003)
  41. Prasirtsuk, Kitt, "Thailand in 2008: Crises Continued", Asian Survey, 49(1), pp.174~184 (2009)
  42. Prasirtsuk, Kitt, "Thailand in 2014: Another Coup, a Different Coup?", Asian Survey, 55(1), pp.200~206 (2015)
  43. Przeworski, Adam, "The Global Divergence of Democracies", pp.167~184 (2001), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  44. Puddington, Arch, "The Freedom House Survey for 2016: The Dual Threat of Populists and Autocrats", Journal of Democracy, 28(2), pp.105~119 (2017)
  45. Reid, Ben, "Historical Blocs and Democratic Impasse in the Philippines: 20 Years after ‘People Power’", Third World Quarterly, 27(6), pp.1003~1020 (2006)
  46. Rogers, Steven, "Philippine Politics and the Rule of Law", Journal of Politics, 15(4), pp.111~125 (2004)
  47. Sartori, Giovanni, "The Theory of Democracy Revisited" (1987), Chatham House Publishers, Inc.
  48. Sidel, John T., "The Philippines in 2014: Aquino Fights Back", Asian Survey, 55(1), pp.220~227 (2015)
  49. Is Democracy Emerging as a Universal Value? A Contrarian Perspectives, "Shin, Doh C.", Asian Barometer, ~, pp.Asian Barometer Working Paper No. 68 (2012)
  50. Shin, Doh C., "Confucianism and Democratization in East Asia" (2012), Cambridge University Press
  51. Tigno, Jorge V., "The Philippines in 2017: Popularity Breeds Contempt", Asian Survey, 58(1), pp.142~148 (2018)
  52. Youngs, Richard, "Exploring “Non-Western Democracy”", Journal of Democracy, 26(4), pp.140~154 (2015)
  53. Zakaria, Fareed, "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy", Foreign Affairs, 76(6), pp.22~43 (1997)
  54. Zakaria, Fareed, "The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad" (2003), W. W. Norton & Company

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)