민주화 과정에서 대중들의 정치적 인식: 태국사례
Popular Understanding of Democracy During Democratic Transition: Focusing on Thai Case
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The purpose of this article is to verify the following two statements in Thai Case: (1) "Essential democratic values and procedural norms have failed to take root in most societies even after decades of democratization efforts." (2) "The lack of genuine commitment to democratic politics among people is closely related to the reversal of democratic transition." This article selects four categories among various public opinion data of Asian Barometer surveys I, II, III for verification: level of interests in politics, trust in institutions, the attitude for democracy, and democratic legitimacy and preference for democracy. First of all, the level of interests in politics among Thai people has decreased during 2001-2010. In terms of trust in institutions, the military is marked as the highest in ranking while political parties are the lowest, and the parliament ia also ranked very low. In relation to the attitude for democracy (rating governments in the degree of democratization), Thai people put a high valuation on the Thaksin government in 2001 and rated it as the most democratic one, while evaluating the following governments as less democratic. The satisfaction with the management style of democracy is almost same as the above rating in democratic attitude. Lastly, approximately 50% of the people surveyed do not respect the principle of government by law related with 'democratic legitimacy.' In connection with preference for democracy, democracy is preferred rather than the authoritarian rule, but less preferred than the economic development. Moreover, roughly 20% of respondents continuously do not respect democratic values. In summary, this article finds that essential democratic values and procedural norms have failed to take root in Thai society, and the commitment to democratic politics among Thai people has not been strong enough to protect democratic transition from the threat of 2006 military coup. Based on these findings, this article verifies that above statements are valid for Thai case.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to verify the following two statements in Thai Case: (1) "Essential democratic values and procedural norms have failed to take root in most societies even after decades of democratization efforts." (2) "The lack of genuine commitment to democratic politics among people is closely related to the reversal of democratic transition." This article selects four categories among various public opinion data of Asian Barometer surveys I, II, III for verification: level of interests in politics, trust in institutions, the attitude for democracy, and democratic legitimacy and preference for democracy. First of all, the level of interests in politics among Thai people has decreased during 2001-2010. In terms of trust in institutions, the military is marked as the highest in ranking while political parties are the lowest, and the parliament ia also ranked very low. In relation to the attitude for democracy (rating governments in the degree of democratization), Thai people put a high valuation on the Thaksin government in 2001 and rated it as the most democratic one, while evaluating the following governments as less democratic. The satisfaction with the management style of democracy is almost same as the above rating in democratic attitude. Lastly, approximately 50% of the people surveyed do not respect the principle of government by law related with 'democratic legitimacy.' In connection with preference for democracy, democracy is preferred rather than the authoritarian rule, but less preferred than the economic development. Moreover, roughly 20% of respondents continuously do not respect democratic values. In summary, this article finds that essential democratic values and procedural norms have failed to take root in Thai society, and the commitment to democratic politics among Thai people has not been strong enough to protect democratic transition from the threat of 2006 military coup. Based on these findings, this article verifies that above statements are valid for Thai case.
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