미중패권경쟁에 대한 동남아 국가들의 헤징전략
The Southeast Asian States’ Hedging Strategies in Response to US-China Competition for Hegemony
0
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
미중패권경쟁의 최대 격전지 중 하나인 동남아 지역의 중소국가들은 미중으로 부터의 압력에서 벗어나고 어느 한 쪽하고도 적대적 관계를 만들지 않으면서 생존과 이익을 확보하기 위해 헤징전략을 구사하고 있다. 본 논고는 미중패권경쟁에 대응하는 동남아 국가들의 헤징전략을 분석해 본다. 우선 헤징의 개념, 동남아 국가들의 헤징동기와 목적 그리고 헤징유형에 대하여 고찰한다. 동남아 국가들은 국내외 상황에 따라 간접균형, 지배부정, 경제실용주의, 반가치외교, 구속개입, 제한편승, 다자제도균형 등 다양한 방법으로 헤징전략을 구사해오고 있다. 헤징의 궁극적인 목적은 미중 양국에 대한 지배부정이다. 동남아 국가들은 어느 정도 지역 자율성을 유지하고 역외국가로 부터의 영향력을 희석시키면서 국가안보를 확보하고 꾸준한 경제성장을 이루어 왔다. 이러한 측면에서 헤징전략은 유효했다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 동남아 국가들의 헤징전략이 지속적으로 효과적이기 위해서는 글로벌 차원에서 헤징프레임을 재구성하고 아세안 중심성을 확고히 해야 할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
In response to the US-China hegemonic competition, the Southeast Asian countries have been taking a hedging strategy that secures national security and obtain economic benefits, while avoiding pressure from and not antagonizing relationship with any of the two great powers. This paper analyzes the hedging strategy of the Southeast Asian states. At first, this study examines the concept of hedging and the motives, goals and types of the Southeast Asian states’ hedging strategies. Depending upon their internal and external circumstances, the Southeast Asian countries have been adopting various hedging strategies, such as indirect balancing with US, domination denial, economic pragmatism, opposing value diplomacy, binding, limited bandwagoning and multilateral institutional balancing. The ultimate purpose of the hedging strategy is to deny any domination of the region by either China or US. It seems that those hedging strategies have been effective to the extent that they have maintained somewhat regional autonomy, diluted influence of outside powers, preserved national security and achieved steady economic growth. Yet, to keep being effective, the hedging frame needs to be reconstructed from a global perspective. And the ASEAN Centrality should be strengthened and consolidated.
참고문헌 (42)
- 김상진, "‘로힝야 난민’ 사태 그후…미얀마-중국 ‘신밀월’ 무드", 중앙일보, ~ (2019)
- 김혜진, "남중국해 영유권 분쟁, 공동대응 나선 아세안", 아시아경제, ~ (2020)
- 민영규, "베트남, 남중국해서 군사훈련 하는 중국에 ‘주권 존중하라’", 연합뉴스, ~ (2020)
- 민영규, "아세안8국, ‘남중국해 中불법’ 美입장표명에 감사전달", 연합뉴스, ~ (2020)
- 유혜림, "美, 남중국해에 스텔스 폭격기 배치…중국과 갈등 고조", TV조선, ~ (2020)
- 윤석준, "일대일로와 인도-태평양 전략: 평가와 전망", pp.191~233 (2019), 오름
- 이용성, "두테르테 필리핀 대통령 ‘중국의 남중국해 영유권 인정’ 선언", ChosunBiz, ~ (2020)
- 이재현, "일대일로의 국제정치", pp.159~186 (2018), 명인문화사
- 이해준, "뜨거워지는 남중국해… 미국은 항모 동원, 중국은 전투기 배치", 중앙일보, ~ (2020)
- 정구연, "아세안(ASEAN) 국가들의 헤징과 동아시아 안보아키텍처의 변화 전망: 대미ㆍ대중 군사외교를 중심으로", 한국동북아논총, 25(2), pp.27~51 (2020), 한국동북아학회[DOI]
- 정민승, "ARF 우려에도… 중국, ‘영유권 분쟁’ 남중국해서 또군사훈련", 한국일보, ~ (2019)
- 정혜영, "미·중 세력균형의 중심적 동학: 중국의 부상(浮上)과 싱가포르 전략균형 과제", 한중관계연구, 5(3), pp.1~34 (2019), 한중관계연구원[DOI]
- Abuza, Zachary, "Malaysia: Navigating between the United States and China", Asia Policy, 15(2), pp.115~134 (2020)
- Acharya, Amitav, "Why ASEAN’s Indo-Pacific Outlook Matters", EASTASIAFORUM (2019)
- Acharya, Amitav, "Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia:ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order" (2014), Routledge
- Acharya, Amitav, "Between Balance and Community:America, ASEAN and the Security of Southeast Asia", International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 6(1), pp.37~59 (2006)
- ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, "ASEAN", ASEAN, ~ (2019)
- Bunyavejchewin, Poowin, "Will the ‘Milk Tea War’ Have a Lasting Impact on China-Thailand Relations?", The Diplomat, ~ (2020)
- Case, William, "Laos in 2010 : Political Stasis, Rabid Development, and Regional Counter-weighting", Asian Survey, 51(1), pp.202~207 (2011)
- David, Steven R, "Explaining Third World Alignment", World Politics, 43, pp.233~ (1990)
- Goh, Evelyn, "Southeast Asian Perspectives on the China Challenge", Journal of Strategic Studies, 30(4), pp.809~832 (2007)
- Haacke, Jürgen, "The Concept of Hedging and Its Application to Southeast Asia : a Critique and a Proposal for a Modified Conceptual and Methodological Framework", International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 19, pp.375~417 (2019)
- He, Kai, "Institutional Balancing and International Relations Theory : Economic Interdependence and Balance of Power Strategies in Southeast Asia", European Journal of International Relations, 14(3), pp.489~518 (2008)
- Jesse, Neal G., "Small States in the International System : At Peace and at War" (2016), Lexington Books
- Koga, Kei, "The Concept of ‘Hedging’ Revisited : the Case of Japan’s Foreign Policy Strategy in East Asia’s Power Shift’", International Studies Review, 20(4), pp.633~660 (2018)
- Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, "The Essence of Hedging : Malaysia and Singapore's Response to a Rising China", Contemporary Southeast Asia : A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 30(2), pp.159~185 (2008)
- Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, "Light or Heavy Hedging : Positioning between China and the United States", Joint US-Korea Academic Studies, 26, pp.1~9 (2015)
- Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, "2016"‘How Do Weaker States Hedge? Unpacking ASEAN States’Alignment Behavior Towards China’", Journal of Contemporary China, 25(100), pp.500~514 (2016)
- Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, "A Southeast Asian Perspective", National Commentaries, ~ (2017)
- Laksmana, Evan, "China, the United States, and the Future of Southeast Asia: US-China Relations 2" (2017), NYU Press
- Lim, Darren, "Reassessing Hedging: The Logic of Alignment in East Asia", Security Studies, 24, pp.696~727 (2015)
- Narim, Khuon, "Resumed military exercise with the US is welcomed: PM", Khmer Times, ~ (2020)
- Parameswaran, Prashanth, "What’s Behind Malaysia’s New South China Sea Missile Launches?", The Diplomat, ~ (2019)
- Posen, Barry, "Emerging Multipolarity: Why Should We Care?", Current History, 108(721), pp.347~352 (2009)
- Rachman, Gideon, "Easternisation : War and Peace in the Asian Century" (2016), Random House
- Reaksmey, Hul, "Rights Groups Call Out Cambodia’s ‘Sham’Election", VOA Khmer, ~ (2018)
- Roy, Denny, "Southeast Asia and China: Balancing or Bandwagoning?", Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 27(2), pp.305~322 (2005)
- Sim, Dewey, "Singapore renews military bases pact with US amid deepening defence ties with China", Asia in This Week, ~ (2019)
- Stromseth, Jonathan, "Don’t Make Us Choose: Southeast Asia in the Throes of US-China Rivalry", Foreign Policy at Brookings, ~ (2019)
- Tan, See Seng, "Consigned to Hedge : South-East Asia and America‘s ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ Strategy", International Affairs, 96(1), pp.131~148 (2020)
- Thayer, Carlyle, "China’s Internal and External Relations and Lessons for Korea and Asia", pp.189~220 (2013), KINU
- Williams, Kristen P., "Beyond Great Powers and Hegemons: Why Secondary States Support, Follow, or Challenge" (2012), Stanford University Press