『장자』의 ‘無用之用’에 함축된 철학적 의미 분석

Abstract

This paper analyzes and organizes the meanings implicit in Chuang-tzu’s concept of the usefulness of uselessness(無用之用). Generally understood simply as the ‘paradox of usefulness,’ this concept is explored in a deeper and broador sense. This main aim is to uncover the semantic construction of the usefulness of uselessness based on the comprehensive thought of Chuang-tzu, focusing on the perspective of Dao(道). The idea that useless beings possess usefulness unattainable by useful beings is well illustrated in the fable of “The Human World(「人間世」).” It conveys Chuang-tzu’s message about self-preservation encompassing both physical life and mental freedom. In “The Tree on the Mountain(「山木」),” Chuang-tzu speaks of positioning himself between usefulness and uselessness, but his ultimate pursuit is playing freely in the realm of Dao. From this, we learn to transcend the relative and oppositional distinctions of usefulness and uselessness from the perspective of Dao, reaching an enlightened state of insight and thoughtlessness. As for the methodology, Yi Ming(以明) from “Equality of Things(「齊物論」” is discussed, suggesting that through an unbiased view of the world, we can leave behind the dichotomy of usefulness and uselessness if each is respected for its uniqueness and united through the Dao. Additionally, if one attains complete inner freedom and profound knowledge, one can discover the true great usefulness(大用) in what might seem at first glance to be useless.