한국채택국제회계기준 적용이 회계이익의 질에 미친 영향
he Impact of Korean International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption on the Quality of Accounting Earnings
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본 연구는 2011년도부터 의무적으로 K－IFRS를 적용한 유가증권상장기업 중 제조업을 대상으로 K－IFRS의 적용 전(2010년)과 후(2012년)의 회계이익의 질적 개선여부를 이익조정관점에서 살펴보았다. 이익조정의 측정은 재량적 발생액(절대값)으로 측정하였다. 첫 번째 집단을 구분한 T검정결과 DA의 평균값의 경우 적용 전 음(－)의 값이 적용 후에는 양(＋)의 값으로 바뀌어졌지만 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 재량적 발생액의 절대값을 보면 적용전에 비해 적용후가 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보이고 있다. 두 번째 회귀분석결과를 보면 이익조정의 측정변수인 재량적 발생액의 절대값과 K－IFRS의 적용 전/후 더미변수와는 유의한 관계를 보여주었다. 그리고 K－IFRS의 적용전 DA기준으로 집단을 구분한 결과 적용전 DA<0인 집단의 경우 DA가 양(＋)의 방향으로 완화되었고 적용전 DA>0인 집단의 발생액이 음(－)의 방향으로 완화되었음을 보여주었다. 즉, K－IFRS의 적용 이후, 경영자의 재량적 회계선택을 이용한 이익조정은 적용 전에 비해 감소하였음을 볼 수 있고 이는 기존 회계기준에서 인정하였던 동일 사안에 대한 회계처리방법의 선택 폭이 줄어들면서 경영자의 기회주의적 재량적 행사 가능성이 많이 축소되었다고 본다. 이러한 점은 IFRS도입으로 인해 회계정보의 신뢰성을 향상시킨다는 예측을 가능케 한다고 본다.
Abstract
This study examined the qualitative improvement of accounting earnings before (2010) and after (2012) the application of K－IFRS from the viewpoint of earings adjustment of the manufacturing enterprises among the listed enterprises to which K－IFRS was mandatorily applied from 2011. First, the results of t－test that classified the groups showed that the mean value of DA changed from －0.0016 before the application to 0.0029 after the application but it was not statistically significant. However, the absolute value of the discretionary accruals shows the statistically significant decrease after the application, compared with before the application. Second, the results of the regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the absolute value of the discretionary accruals which are the measuring variables of the earnings management and the dummy variables before/after the application of K－IFRS. The results of classifying the groups based on DA before the application of K－IFRS showed that DA of the group, whose DA<0 before the application, moderated in the positive (＋) direction, and the accruals of the group, whose DA>0 before the application, moderated in the negative (－) direction. This means that the earnings adjustment through discretionary items by the managers of the enterprises decreased due to the application of K－IFRS and that, due to the adoption of International Accounting Standards, the quality of accounting profits of the country’s enterprises improved.
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