朝鮮後期 敎旨僞造의 一硏究

Abstract

This paper is the result to examine and analyze the of Gyoji(敎旨, office warrant). Gyoji is one of official documents that have remained most and have fabricated most. So I chose Gyoji the first object of document fabrication's study. This study aims to examine the relationbetween the historical records and the remained old documents. First of all, I researched the historical records to know what kind of Gyoji and how many Gyoji were fabricated and how they were fabricated. The object of fabrication include: Hongpai(紅牌, certificate of higher civil service examination), Baekpai(白牌, certificate of literary licentiate examinations), Oyuijangpai(五偉將牌, warrant of Oyuijang rank), Yuijangcheop(偉將帖, warrant of Yuijang rank), Sunjangcheop(巡將帖, warrant of Sunjanng rank), Dongjicheop(同知帖, warrantof Dongji warrant), Cheomjicheop(僉知帖, warrant of Chemji warrant), Jeolchungcheop(折衝帖, warrant of Jeolchung), Tongjeongcheop(通政帖, warrant of Tongjeong warrant), Gaseoncheop(嘉善帖, warrant of Gaseon rank), Chujeungcheop(追贈帖, warrant for adding official rank to the dead), Gongmyeongcheop(空名帖, blank warrant of rank), Napsokgajacheop(納粟加資帖, warrant of rank for rice paid man). The fabricated Hongpai were the military examination(武科)'s and the fabricated Gyoji were Gongmyeongcheop's. The typical methods of fabrication are two. One is making new document through soaking the original document in water. The other is scratching the document by knife or sharp things. The materials of royal seal's fabrication include: pine tree, linden tree, loquat, Korean white pine, radish root, hard fruits and vegetables, gourd, beeswax, pine resin, stone used as an inkstone, tile. The methods of royal seal(御寶)'s fabrication are two. One is carving a similar seal through attaching the cutting royal seal from other person's warrant. The other is carving a new seal using wax paper. In some cases the royal seal was fabricated not to make a new seal, just using a writing brush. In addition the pictures are presented to match the historical records and the documents. In this part the royal seal is a main standard to tell an imitation from the original. The method is to compare the publications like "Boinsouigwe(寶印所儀軌)" and "Boinbusinchongsu (寶印符信總數)" and the objective document's seal shape. When the shape of document's seal and the publications are exactly the same, the method is useful to check the space rate between stroke and stroke.