조선시대 紅牌紙의 제작에 관한 연구

Abstract

So far studies of Hongpae, focused on origin and system of issuing, subjects and qualification, form etc, have obtained excellent results. but results of basic studies about preservation of historical remains are yet insignificant. We studied quality of the material and processing system of Hongpae paper. the records of Hongpae appear from Goryeo periods, demonstrated by several historical remains like Goryeasa, etc. There are records of Hongpae in the ancient book like Gyeonggukdaejon, Jeonyultongbo Joseonwangjodillok on standard form, system of issuing and receipt, quality of paper material and processing system, which are refered to in the study of Hongpae. It is prescribed in 度支準折 that high-priced top-level calendered paper should be used in making Hongpae. It is supposed that special paper for Hongpae was used because there was a paper named Hongpaeji among seventy six items and ninety three kind of papers and that high priced red mulberry paper (hongjeojuji) or crimson top-level calendered paper (dahongsangpumdoryunji) was used. We studied the process of dyeing and manufacture of hongpaeji from various documents and made material for experiment based on the documents. also we compared Doryun (process of surface treatment in the documents) with Dochim (present paper manufacturing processing). In the experiment, we made a test sample according to the documenst,and made a comparative study of the test sample with control group. In the microscopic observation, test sample treated with Myungban and Chungban is different in the state of pigment deposit. It is supposed that in the process of dyeing, method of spreading a pigment after pre-treatment with Agyo-posu is more effective than manufacturing paper after dyeing fiber material. we can also figure out the method of dyeing from investigation of related historical remains, mostly only the front and rear surfaces was dyed but inside paper wasn’t. Analysis of thirty ninety cases (five representative cases in this article)by precision instrument showed that mostly Hongpae is 72.8~110cm long,42~88cm wide, length is longer than width, and density is about 0.31~0.85g/cm3. But there are exceptional Hongpae. There are evidences of the Hongpae paper, expressed as paper processed through Doryun in the documents, having been evenly beaten and pressed and fine letter was well expressed without Meok (ink) spreading, which means well processed. It is proposed that yeomryo (dye)-dyeing was preferred to anryo (pigment)-dyeing considering anryo-particle was not observed in the material for experiments.